CHAPTER 2 At the year’s end, the Democratic Republic of the Congo represented the sixth-largest country of origin, with 537,500 refugees, a small decrease compared with the end of 2015. The majority of refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were hosted by nearby countries including Uganda with a population of 205,400, Rwanda (73,100), 25 Burundi (57,100), the United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) (50,300), Zambia (21,300), South Sudan (14,500), Angola (12,900), the Republic of the Congo (Congo) (12,300), and Zimbabwe (5,900). Substantial refugee populations were also hosted by South Africa (26,200), France (15,000), and Kenya (13,300). Violence in the Central African Republic continued to force people to flee, with refugee numbers increasing from 471,100 to 490,900 during 2016. The overwhelming proportion of refugees found asylum in neighbouring countries. Cameroon hosted most of these refugees with 283,600 at the end of 2016, followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (102,500), Chad (70,200), and Congo (24,500). The number of refugees from Myanmar rose to 490,300 by the end of 2016, from 451,800 the previous year. Bangladesh continued to host the largest number of these refugees (276,200). 26 Other countries with large numbers of refugees from Myanmar included Thailand (102,600), Malaysia (87,000), and India (15,600). Eritrea remained the ninth-largest country of origin with 459,400 refugees at the end of 2016, a notable increase from late 2015 when this population stood at 407,500. Most Eritrean refugees were hosted by Ethiopia (165,500) and Sudan (103,200), but many also sought protection farther away, such as in Germany (30,000), Israel (27,800), 27 Switzerland (26,300), and Sweden (26,000). The number of refugees from Burundi, the 10thlargest refugee-producing country, increased by nearly 40 per cent during 2016, rising from 292,800 at the start of the year to 408,100 by year-end. Nearly all of these refugees (97 per cent) were located in neighbouring countries, with Tanzania hosting 230,900 Burundian refugees, followed by Rwanda (82,900), Uganda (41,000), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (36,300). UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2016 Other major countries of origin for refugees in 2016 were Viet Nam (329,400), 28 Iraq (316,000), Colombia (311,100), Rwanda (286,100), Ukraine (239,100), and Nigeria (229,300). N E W R E F UG E E A R R I VA L S During 2016, more than 1.4 million refugees were newly displaced. 29 This was less than in 2015, when 1.8 million refugees were newly displaced, and significantly lower than 2014 (2.9 million). Uganda reported the largest number of new refugees in 2016, with 514,000 new arrivals, mostly in the second half of the year. Nearly all of these new refugees (489,000) originated from South Sudan, with a smaller number from Burundi (18,600). Turkey registered 328,900 Syrian refugees. 30 The conflict in South Sudan also affected other countries, with Sudan registering 102,800 new arrivals, almost entirely from South Sudan. The Democratic Republic of the Congo registered 82,700 new refugees, with 61,100 originating from South Sudan and 13,200 from Burundi. Other countries registering significant numbers of new refugee arrivals in 2016 included Ethiopia (81,100), Tanzania (71,800), Niger (43,400), Cameroon (40,800), Jordan (38,300), Kenya (23,500), and Russia (22,000). In 2016, there were 736,200 new refugees from South Sudan. The majority fled to Uganda, but significant numbers also went to Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia (55,600), Kenya (22,600), and the Central African Republic (5,000). This influx was concentrated mostly in the second half of the year. 25 Government estimates are higher than UNHCR estimates reported here. 26 Out of the 276,200 refugees from Myanmar in Bangladesh, 243,000 are persons in a refugee-like situation. 27 Data relate to end-2015. 28 Nearly all Vietnamese refugees are hosted by China and are considered to be well integrated into Chinese society. 29 The figure of newly displaced refugees refers to refugees recognized on a group or prima facie basis in 2016, and does not include refugees recognized following a refugee status determination process. 30 In Turkey, Syrian refugees are granted temporary protection on a group basis under the Temporary Protection regime, whereas other nationalities undergo an individual refugee status determination procedure. There may be a lag between arrival and registration. 19