Map 2 | South Sudanese Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons | end-2016 SUDAN CHAPTER 2 297,200 Abyei 338,800 1,853,900 CENTRAL AFRICAN R E P U B L I C 4,900 ETHIOPIA SOUTH SUDAN Juba Refugee Camp Refugee Centre Number of refugees Number of IDPs 66,700 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO M A JO R PROTE C TI O N C R I S I S This devastating conflict has resulted in a protection crisis, both for the South Sudanese people and the 262,600 refugees living in South Sudan. It is difficult to deliver humanitarian assistance, especially for the most vulnerable groups, under these circumstances. Multiple abuses of human rights have been reported and documented, including violations of international humanitarian law. Many victims have been targeted on the basis of their ethnicity or presumed political allegiances. Incidents include targeted killings of civilians, including children, arbitrary arrests, detention, and alleged torture. There has been widespread destruction of civilian property, hospitals, and schools as well as looting and destruction of humanitarian property including attacks on UN personnel.38 Brutal sexual violence has been used on all sides as a tactic of war.39 UNICEF estimated that 16,000 children have been recruited into armed groups, and that over half of all children have been out of school, the UNHCR > GLOBAL GLOBALTRENDS TRENDS2016 2016 87,100 639,000 K E N YA UGANDA highest proportion in the world.40 A major economic crisis has developed with escalating food prices and crime. D I S PL AC E M E NT I N 20 1 6 The IDP population in South Sudan continued to increase from 1.7 million at the beginning of 2016 to 1.9 million at the end. This increase masks the high level of movement, with the outbreak of conflict in Juba in July 2016 a watershed moment; with 752,300 returns largely before the crisis, and 865,000 new displacements throughout the year accelerated by the July crisis. Unfortunately, due to continued warfare and conflict, returning people may still be at risk of violence and further displacement. 38 UN Secretary General, ‘Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 16 December 2016 to 1 March 2017)’ 39 UN Secretary General, ‘Report of the Secretary-General on conflict-related sexual violence’, S/2016/361, 20 April 2016. 40 UNICEF, ‘Hundreds of children recruited by armed groups in South Sudan, as violations against women and children increase’, Press release, 19 Aug 2016. 31