CHAPTER 3 COMPLEMENTARY PATHWAYS TO PROTECTION AND SOLUTIONS When durable solutions are not achievable for all refugees, non-traditional pathways can be used to access protection and sustainable solutions. ‘Complementary pathways’ are not meant to substitute the protection afforded to refugees under the international protection regime but rather to complement it. They serve as an important expression of solidarity and responsibility sharing, and they can make protection and solutions for refugees more accessible. 46 These safe and regulated avenues may include opportunities for private sponsorship programmes for refugees, family-based mobility, labour schemes, medical evacuation, and education programmes. Family reunion opportunities can offer safe and realistic pathways for family members who do not fall within resettlement or humanitarian admissions criteria. For example, the Government of Germany funded a project that facilitated family reunion of Syrian refugees located in Turkey and Lebanon with their family members in Germany. This initiative aimed at addressing existing practical, administrative, and legal obstacles to family reunification of those in need of international protection. Many States have demonstrated a willingness to bolster and expand pathways to solutions by adapting existing mobility routes for people in need of international protection. In Jordan and Lebanon, a civilsociety-based initiative is developing a ‘talent register’ to facilitate employment for refugees in third countries through labour mobility schemes, with over 4,000 refugees registered by December 2016. Employers in Canada and Australia have committed to work within the relevant skilled migration frameworks, to employ qualified refugees identified from the talent register. Education opportunities such as private, community, or institution-based study visas, scholarships, traineeship, and apprenticeship programmes also can serve as complementary pathways to legal solutions and help refugees to attain a durable solution in the future. 46 Given the range of channels offered in multiple States and different migration status of people that use them, the number of refugees and asylum-seekers who are able to make use complementary pathways cannot be reflected in statistics. FRANCE. AYA AND HER FAMILY CAN NOW CALL LAVAL HOME. Aya and her family were forced to flee their home in Idlib, Syria when their house was bombed in 2014. They lived in difficult conditions in Lebanon and Aya, who is disabled, was unable to receive medical care. Their resettlement to France took two years to complete but now they are able to call Laval home. © UNHCR /GILES DULE Y UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2016 29