III. State Action Taken and Needed ................................................................................... 62 Resolution at the Village Level ............................................................................................... 64 Inclusive vs. Divisive Land Committees............................................................................. 65 Lack of Enforcement, Difficulty Finding Consensus........................................................... 68 Politics, Corruption, and Competing Claims to Authority ...................................................70 Local Government Officials ..................................................................................................... 73 Lack of Financial Support from Government ...................................................................... 74 Excessive Cost ................................................................................................................. 75 Lack of Will, Power to Enforce Decisions ........................................................................... 77 Pressure to Accept Potentially Unsustainable Decisions .................................................. 80 Lack of Boundary Lines .......................................................................................................... 84 No Sanctions for Illegal Sales .................................................................................................87 IV. Legal Protection for Land Rights of Refugees and Displaced Persons ........................... 91 Rights of Returning Refugees and Displaced Persons .............................................................. 91 Civil and Economic Rights Related to Property .........................................................................93 Communal and Religious Rights ............................................................................................. 94 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ 96 Annex I: Human Rights Watch Letter to the Ivorian Government ....................................... 97 Annex II: Response from the Ivorian Government ............................................................ 102

Select target paragraph3