2019
Statelessness & Citizenship Review
1(1)
a success, and Sri Lanka has been heralded as a shining example of what it means
to end statelessness. 38 However, before any interrogation of citizenship and
belonging after statelessness can be pursued, an explanation of the methods used
in this study along with an understanding of the Sri Lankan context is in order.
C
Methods
Four plantations were visited for the purpose of this study, two of which were
urban (Nanu Oya and Nuwara Eliya) and another two rural (Passara and Dickoya).
The urban plantations were within the immediate proximity of an urban centre,
while rural plantations were located at least forty-five minutes by transport to the
closest urban centre. The decision to visit these four plantations was largely
informed by the author’s local research team in Sri Lanka given that the research
team had already established working relationships with both plantation
management and the communities living on these plantations. Still, the author
ensured that two urban and two rural plantations were visited to gauge if or how
geography impacts the substance of citizenship. To ensure gender balance, the
number of female and male participants was pre-determined. Because plantation
populations are relatively homogenous and geographically concentrated,
participants were selected at random. 39 Prospective participants were approached
by the author and the research assistant during their break time, when randomly
encountered while walking through plantation grounds, and in the shared public
spaces adjacent to plantation living quarters and asked if they wished to participate
in this study. To secure the verbal consent of each participant, each prospective
participant was read a consent form prior partaking in this study. As well, each
participant was provided a written, Tamil language copy of the questions they
were asked. The names the plantations visited have been altered to protect the
identity of all who have agreed to partake in this study.
In sum, semi-structured interviews, 40 questionnaire surveys 41 and a human
rights analysis constitute the research methods used in this study. Semi-structured
interviews were chosen to ensure that I adhered to the interview schedule devised,
to make certain that the issue of access and entitlement to the four rights
(healthcare, education, employment, political participation) that constitute the
focus of this study were addressed, and to provide interviewees with the freedom
to develop and voice their own thoughts and concerns about such matters. 42 As
well, this approach enabled me to tailor questions to the interviewee and provide
me with the freedom to move on to other questions if it appeared that the
interviewee was uncomfortable with particular subject matter, or when a question
38
39
40
41
42
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Citizenship for All, Focus on Protection
(Report, 2004); Sulakshani Perera, ‘Sri Lankan Success Story’ (2007) 147 Refugees Magazine
20; Chetani Priyanga Wijetunga, ‘Feature: Sri Lanka Makes Citizens out of Stateless Tea
Pickers’, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (online, 7 October 2004)
<http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2004/10/416564cd4/feature-sri-lanka-makes-citizensstateless-tea-pickers.html>; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Good
Practices Paper — Action 1: Resolving Existing Major Situations of Statelessness (Good
Practice Paper, 23 February 2015) <http://www.refworld.org/docid/54e75a244.html>.
David Simon, ‘Your Questions Answered? Conducting Questionnaire Surveys’ in Vandana
Desai and Robert B Potter (eds), Doing Development (Sage 2006) 163, 169.
See Appendix A.
See Appendix B.
Katie Willis, ‘Interviewing’ in Vandana Desai and Robert B Potter (eds), Doing Development
(Sage 2006) 144.
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