Better Must Come
participate, and are in some respect alienated from the political process. Finally,
rurally located interviewees constitute the majority (8/14) of those who report no
improvement in access.
5
Belonging
Belonging is difficult to define and difficult to appraise. As previously noted, this
study is placed within the context of the UNHCR’s global #IBELONG Campaign
to end statelessness by 2024. For this reason, the term belonging used in this paper
is in direct reference to the #IBELONG Campaign, though this does not bring us
any closer to what belonging actually means. To further complicate matters,
nowhere does the UNHCR define this term, though it does provide an explanation
of what belonging is not:
Across the world today more than ten million people are told they don’t belong
ANYWHERE. They are called ‘stateless’. They are denied a nationality. And with
it, they are denied their basic rights. Statelessness can mean a life without
education, without medical care, or legal employment. It can mean a life without
the ability to move freely, without prospects, or hope. 122
In view of the above, and for the purposes of this paper, belonging is to be
understood as having a nationality that entitles one to basic rights such as, but not
limited to, the right to education, the right to medical care, the right to work,
freedom of movement and to a life where one is ultimately free to pursue their
hopes and dreams.
The challenge of trying to qualify and quantify belonging owes to its intangible
nature. Belonging is not static, nor is it a good to be kept. Rather, it is reified only
through the words and actions of one’s peers, friends, and loved ones, and by the
degree to which one finds oneself reflected in the prevailing dominant culture.
Though this explanation is not beyond the realm of comprehension, it does not
easily provide for the undertaking of annual United Nations Human Belonging
Index whereupon social scientists can measure how belonging has waxed and
waned throughout the years. However, this does not mean that it is beyond the
scope of enquiry, for not only is belonging an essential component of human social
life, it implicitly shapes the historical experience of groups that have at one time
not belonged, such as the Up-Country Tamils of Sri Lanka.
Though it is difficult to capture the extent to which persons and populations
feel as though they belong, because people simply perceive themselves to either
belong or not belong to a given group or society, an appraisal of belonging can
nonetheless be pursued. In an effort to determine the extent of belonging among
this population, questionnaire survey respondents and interviewees were asked:
whether the acquisition of Sri Lankan citizenship, and by extension formal
recognition as people of Sri Lanka, was of benefit in toto; whether they perceived
themselves to be the equals of the majority population; and what the foremost
challenge confronting this community was. Given that ‘the main reason people are
stateless is because of discrimination’, 123 equality, meaning equal rights,
responsibilities and opportunities was chosen to gauge whether people felt as
though they now belonged. Still, questionnaire survey respondents and
122 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘IBELONG — Join the Campaign to End
Statelessness’ (Website) <http://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/>.
123 ibid.
25
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