Aşkın 229 de jure statelessness is a situation that lacks a legal basis and develops without a legal obligation on the hosting land. For example, when Rohingya Muslims became refuge in Bangladesh, a neighboring country of their own country, they were unable to find a State or national foundation that possessed them in the process of being returned, and this is a concrete result of de jure statelessness (Adhikar, 2013, p. 77; Ateş, 2017, p. 174; Sengupta, 2018; Basavapatna, 2018; Velath and Chopra). The de facto statelessness, on which this study will be theoretically based, refers to a phenomenon that can be shown as the situation of refugees. That is why refugees were legally able to obtain citizenship in the State they were in and to comply with the rules of their own State. Now, they are deprived of this right because they are not in their own country. In a sense, de facto statelessness that develops depending on the individual himself arises when the person cannot use his/her existing right. In this respect, “De facto stateless persons are persons outside the country of their nationality who are unable or, for valid reasons, are unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country” The essential condition of the occurrence of the de facto statelessness is to remain outside the boundaries of their own State. This situation refers that individuals are able to obtain the right to be citizen and to be able to benefit from the necessary services in their homeland, but they are deprived of the protection of the State by being outside of the country borders and by not being able to go to their own country and confirming their citizenship. For the current reasons, this is a process in which people cannot contact their country and not benefit from the rights that the State has provided and even their own State cannot interfere with the negative situation of their citizens (Massey, 2010, p. 61). The de facto statelessness makes individuals vulnerable to dangers, so the relationship between individual and State is minimised by the inability of a person to benefit from the opportunities provided by their own State. The de facto statelessness, which refers to a process in which an individual loses responsibility for their State, even the State loses responsibility for its own citizens with a wider meaning, reduces the relationship between State and citizen to the ‘verbal’ level. In this study, the situation of the Syrians living in Turkey and Lebanon deprived of citizenship rights and the ground that created this phenomenon were opened for discussion within the scope of the de facto concept. The fact that both countries have different characteristics and traditions from social, political and cultural perspectives brings these countries to the common ground in the context of immigration they receive from Syria. However, although Turkey and Lebanon initially adopted the open-door policy for Syrians, their policies for migrators in their own countries are changing as the second phase of the process. In other words, registration, coordination, integration, political participation, and managing the benefits of basic humanitarian rights differentiate the two countries at the point of applied policies. In light of this information, the institutional reproduction of “de facto statelessness” in Turkey and Lebanon is focused in this study, and the results are discussed on a sociological base. The 20th century, which Castles and Miller (1998) described as an immigration age, witnessed an important process with the effect of immigration waves in the 1990s, as well as, many great migration movements. Migratory movements that have long effects for many years are attracting attention so that the new generations identify themselves once again. This situation has been tried to be prevented with various international agreements focusing on the stateless generations as a result of such major events and visible migration phenomenon. On April 12, 1930, Some Issues Concerning the Conflicts of Nationalism and the Special Protocol on Statelessness were signed on the same date by League of Nations. These agreements, whose main objective is to prevent the phenomenon of statelessness occurring by birth, increased their visibility later due to events Copyright @ 2020 BORDER CROSSING Transnational Press London