Migration policy framework for Africa and plan of action (2018 – 2030)
4. Global and continental
efforts to manage migration
Globally, and in Africa, the significant and
multifaceted contribution that migration
can make to development has gained
greater recognition. With the adoption
of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) in 2015, and explicit references to
migration in 6 of its 17 goals, migration was
mainstreamed into global development
policy. The world has come together to
actualise the targets of Agenda 2030
through the GCM process, to which Africa
is contributing through the development of
the Common African Position. Enhancing
safe, orderly and regular migration;
remittances; and decent work and labour
migration are important priorities that
are being promoted by these initiatives.
The AU launched Africa’s development
strategy for the next half century, with the
adoption of Agenda 2063, which aspires
to an integrated and politically united
Africa, and calls for the free movement
of people, capital, goods and services.
Continental economic integration, which
builds on the work of the RECs, and the
implementation of their free movement of
persons protocols, should be consolidated
through the implementation of the AU
Free Movement of Persons Protocol
and the Continental Free Trade Area,
which will serve as legal instruments
for managing migration and mobility on
the continent. Cross border trade and
development is hampered by Africa’s
stringent visa regimes, which are expected
to be liberalised incrementally through
the implementation of the AU Free
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Movement of Persons Protocol. Migration
and mobility, within the context of Africa’s
integration, will play a key role in unleashing
the continent’s growth potential.
Economic integration is a key pathway
to development and demands labour
mobility and other forms of economic
engagement that necessitate the movement
of persons. The drive for the continental
free movement of persons originates from
the Organisation for African (OAU) Unity
Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic
Development of Africa, 1980 – 2000, which
calls for the establishment of an African
Common Market, which by definition
allows for the free movement of factors
of production, including labour. The Abuja
Treaty set out a path for the achievement
of the African Economic Community (AEC)
through successive stages that would
harmonise and integrate existing and future
RECs that constitute the building blocks of
the AEC. During the fifth stage an African
common market would be established,
which would provide for the free movement
of persons, and the rights of residence
and establishment. The gradual removal
of the obstacles to the free of movement
of persons among Member States is listed
in Article 4 of the Treaty as important for
achieving the objectives of the Community,
which include economic development and
the integration of African economies.
Agenda 2063 advocates for the free
movement of people as part of the
continental integration agenda. Free