IN AFRICA  MIGRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT Table of content IN AFRICA List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Preface .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 1. Background to the AU Migration Policy Framework for Africa ......................................................................................... 15 2. Migration realities in Africa and the global context . ................................................................................................................... 17 3. Migration trends and patterns in Africa .................................................................................................................................................. 19 4. Global and continental efforts to manage migration ................................................................................................................. 23 II. The strategic framework for managing migration ............................................................................................................................ 25 1. Migration governance . .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 2. Labour migration and education . ................................................................................................................................................................... 2.1 National labour migration policies, structures and legislation . ........................................................................ 2.2 Regional cooperation and harmonisation of labour migration policies ................................................... 2.3 Brain drain ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.4 Remittances .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. Diaspora engagement ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 32 37 38 39 41 4. Border governance ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 5. Irregular migration ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5.1 Migrant smuggling ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5.2 Human trafficking ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 5.3 Return, readmission and reintegration ..................................................................................................................................... 5.4 National and international security and stability . .......................................................................................................... 6. Forced displacement ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6.1 Refugees and asylum-seekers ............................................................................................................................................................ 6.2 Internally displaced persons ................................................................................................................................................................ 6.3 Protracted displacement ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6.4 Crisis prevention, management and conflict resolution ......................................................................................... 6.5 Integration and re-integration . ......................................................................................................................................................... 6.6 Stateless persons . ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 7. Internal migration .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 47 50 53 55 57 57 59 60 61 62 63 64 8 . Migration and trade ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8.1 Informal trade and Migration ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 . Cross-cutting issues ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9.1 Migration and development ................................................................................................................................................................ 9.2 Migration data and research ............................................................................................................................................................... 9.3 Human rights of migrants ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9.4 Principles of non-discrimination ...................................................................................................................................................... 9.5 Migration, poverty and conflict ........................................................................................................................................................ 9.6 Migration and health .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9.7 Migration and environment ................................................................................................................................................................. 9.8 Migration and gender . ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9.9 Migration, children, adolescents and youths . .................................................................................................................... 9.10 Migration and older persons ............................................................................................................................................................... 9.11 Inter-state and inter-regional cooperation............................................................................................................................. 66 66 68 68 69 70 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 80 III. The way forward ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 81 IV. The AU Migration Policy Framework for Africa: Plan of Action (2018 – 2030) ................................................. 84 Annex. Decision on the reports of the specialised technical committees (STCs), EX.CL/987(XXXII) . ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94 5