further involved in the project or follow-up activities. The outcomes that lawyers and families decided to pursue, and the strategies taken, were often very context- and situation-specific, so varied quite significantly. This section provides an overview of these different strategies and approaches and gives some illustrative examples from each country. The next section presents some common trends and learning from across the different participating countries. 4.1 Albania In Albania, the outcome sought in three of the cases was citizenship for the child, and in the other two cases it was obtaining refugee status for the minor or family (ultimately leading to a route to citizenship). At the time of research, Albania was in the process of reforming its law and policy relating to civil registration, nationality, and statelessness. It recently amended procedures to facilitate birth registration (2018), strengthened the safeguard in nationality law for children born stateless on the territory (2020), and was in the process of adopting a statelessness determination procedure (SDP) in amendments to the Law on Foreigners (2021).13 However, some of these changes were yet to be fully implemented. A key barrier identified in two cases where parents originated from Kosovo was the lack of identity documents and insecure status of the parents at the time of the children’s birth in Albania, preventing them from acquiring Albanian citizenship. In another case of an unaccompanied asylum-seeking minor from Palestine, there were difficulties securing documents from the country of origin, issues with the refugee claim, and undetermined citizenship. In the case of a family from Afghanistan, the lack of birth certificates for their three minor children, and their inability to acquire any documentation proving identity and family links from their country of origin were key issues. The fifth case concerned an Albanian national mother who had recently been repatriated from a camp-setting in a conflict zone where her two children had been born (of different fathers both absent and presumed foreign nationals), but never registered and had no identity documents. In each case, the strategies taken were tailored to the child or family following a needs assessment and collection and analysis of available documents by paralegals and lawyers. A range of different actors were involved including the asylum authorities, civil registries, ministries of interior and education, embassies, social workers, teachers, translators, psychologists, NGOs, UNHCR, the police, and in one case the anti-terror department. Families were closely involved in discussions with relevant authorities and consulted. The two 13 For more information on the legal and policy framework relating to statelessness in Albania, see https://index.statelessness.eu/country/albania