Acknowledgements UNHCR is grateful to the stateless individuals throughout the United States whose lives and strength inspired the creation of this manual. UNHCR thanks the nongovernmental organizations, attorneys, legal service providers, and individuals who serve as tireless partners and advocates for the protection of refugees, asylum-seekers, and stateless individuals. In particular, we are deeply grateful to the team of technical legal advisors whose expertise guided and shaped this manual: Prof. David Baluarte (The Washington and Lee University School of Law), Dree Collopy (Benach Collopy LLP), Judge Dorothy Harbeck1 (National Associaiton of Immigration Judges, NAIJ) and C. Mario Russell (Catholic Charities of New York). Prof. Susan M. Akram (Boston University School of Law) and Judge Dana Marks2 (NAIJ) also provided valuable input and guidance. UNHCR thanks them for sharing their expertise in developing the content of this manual and their invaluable insights on representing stateless individuals before immigration authorities. UNHCR wishes to acknowledge our primary researchers and writers—Prof. David Baluarte, Colleen Cowgill (UNHCR), Lindsay Jenkins (UNHCR), Joanne Kelsey (Strategy for Humanity LLC) and Sarnata Reynolds (Strategy for Humanity LLC)—whose patience made this work possible. Additional thanks are owed to Prof. David Baluarte, Anna Maitland and American University Washington College of Law’s International Human Rights Law Clinic, whose experience in representing stateless persons provided the groundwork for this manual. UNHCR also thanks our staff and fellows who contributed in various ways to this manual, including Jessica Caplin, Chiara Cardoletti Carroll, Alice Farmer, Radha Govil, Anne Laako, Juan Ignacio Mondelli, and Leslie E. Vélez. Our interns Marlene Campos and Kelly Muenchen also provided important support. Finally, our thanks to Strategy for Humanity LLC, whose expert consultancy facilitated the drafting and editing of this resource. Judge Dorothy Harbeck is the Eastern District Vice President of the National Association of Immigration Judges (NAIJ). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the official position of the United States Department of Justice, the Attorney General, or the Executive Office for Immigration Review. The views represent the participant’s personal opinions, which were formed after extensive consultation with the membership of the NAIJ. 2 Judge Dana Marks is the President of the National Association of Immigration Judges (NAIJ). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the official position of the United States Department of Justice, the Attorney General, or the Executive Office for Immigration Review. The views represent the participant’s personal opinions, which were formed after extensive consultation with the membership of the NAIJ. 1