individual right to na.onality, 25 the
include, the right to enter and remain in
prohibi.on of arbitrary depriva.on of
one’s own country, the prohibi.on of
n a . o n a l i t y , 26 t h e p r o h i b i . o n o f
refoulement, the prohibi.on of torture and
discrimina.on27 and the obliga.on to avoid
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
statelessness.28 Furthermore, the impact of
punishment, the liberty and security of the
na.onality depriva.on on the enjoyment of
person; the right to private and family life;
other human rights, humanitarian and
legal personhood and the rights of the
refugee law obliga.ons and standards must
child.29 Any measures to deprive na.onality
be taken into considera.on when assessing
must also comply with due process
the legality of ci.zenship depriva.on. These
safeguards and the right to a fair trial.30
Below is a deeper analysis of interna.onal
na.onality, as well as an overview of other
standards rela.ng to the avoidance of
human rights considera.ons which must
statelessness, prohibi.on of discrimina.on
inform any decision to deprive na.onality.
and prohibi.on of arbitrary depriva.on of
A) The avoidance of statelessness31
25 Human Rights Council Resolu.on 7/10, Human rights and arbitrary depriva.on of na.onality, UN Doc A/HRC/
RES/7/10 (27 March 2008); Human Rights Council Resolu.on 10/13, Human rights and arbitrary depriva.on of
na.onality, UN Doc A/HRC/RES/10/13 (26 March 2009); Human Rights Council Resolu.on 13/2, Human rights and
arbitrary depriva.on of na.onality, UN Doc A/HRC/RES/13/2 (24 April 2010); Human Rights Council Resolu.on
20/4, The right to a na.onality: women and children, UN Doc A/HRC/RES/20/4 (16 July 2012); Human Rights
Council Resolu.on 20/5, Human rights and arbitrary depriva.on of na.onality, UN Doc A/HRC/RES/20/5 (16 July
2012); Human Rights Council Resolu.on 26/14, Human rights and arbitrary depriva.on of na.onality, UN Doc A/
HRC/RES/26/14 (11 July 2014); Human Rights Council Resolu.on 32/5, Human rights and arbitrary depriva.on of
na.onality, UN Doc A/HRC/RES/32/5 (15 July 2016).
Principles on Depriva.on of Na.onality as a Na.onal Security Measure, March 2020. Available at: htps://
files.ins.tutesi.org/PRINCIPLES.pdf., Principle 7. See also, the DraN Commentary to the Principles, available at:
files.ins.tutesi.org/PRINCIPLES_DraN_Commentary.pdf.
26
27
Ibid., Principle 6.
28
Ibid., Principle 5.
29
Ibid., Principle 9.
30
Ibid., Principle 8
31
Ibid., Principle 5 (The Avoidance of Statelessness), see also Ar.cle 8(1) of the 1961 Conven.on on the Reduc.on
of Statelessness (1961 Conven.on).
26 | Arbitrary Revoca.on of Na.onality in Bahrain - a Tool of Oppression
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