ministerial order. Today, the total number is impacted. They, too, are denied Bahraini 434, aNer the King reinstated ci.zenship for na.onality, deprived of their basic rights and 551 individuals in 2019. These people are, most likely rendered stateless as a result. nevertheless, s.ll suffering the consequences of the ci.zenship-stripping decisions. The As demonstrated in the cases of Masaud M. majority of those who lost their na.onality Jahromi and Ibrahim Karimi, the authori.es were rendered stateless and con.nue to face have abused na.onality revoca.on powers immense obstacles in enjoying their basic with impunity, and allowed no serious human rights. grounds for challenging these arbitrary decisions under the basis that the The revoca.on of na.onality has had serious government has the full right to assess what effects on those concerned, denying them harms the integrity and stability of its the ability to exercise their civil and poli.cal internal and external security, and that the rights as well as their social, cultural and revoca.on of ci.zenship is not subject to economic rights. Most of the vic.ms of judicial oversight. ANer the promulga.on of revoca.on of na.onality who were s.ll in Decree No. 16 of 2019 on amending Bahraini Bahrain at the .me of the revoca.on of their Na.onality Law of 1963, restric.ng the ci.zenship faced prosecu.on for staying in power to revoke na.onality to the cabinet the country “illegally” and were eventually only, Bahraini ci.zens are s.ll at risk of being deported. Na.onality revoca.on also impacts stripped of their na.onality for opposing the the individual’s family members in deeply ruling family. profound ways. Further, as a result of the gendered nature of revoca.ons Bahrain’s revoca.on of na.onality is a clear (overwhelmingly targe.ng men) and the viola.on to its obliga.ons and standards set gender discriminatory character of Bahrain’s forth in interna.onal human rights law and na.onality law (only Bahraini fathers, not interna.onal humanitarian law, including mothers, can pass their ci.zenship onto their interna.onal standards rela.ng to the children), the children born to vic.ms of avoidance of statelessness, prohibi.on of na.onality revoca.on are also directly discrimina.on and prohibi.on of arbitrary 38 | Arbitrary Revoca.on of Na.onality in Bahrain - a Tool of Oppression