health institutions may remain unregistered because parents do not register their births.43 22. Reports have highlighted the disproportionate impact of risk of statelessness in Italy on Roma communities. Exact information is hard to come by, but it has been estimated that between 3000 and 15,000 people may be affected. 44 Many are from countries of former Yugoslavia and former USSR and their descendants, but have lived in Italy for many years (the largest populations of people at risk of statelessness have been recorded in Rome, Turin and Naples). Estimates include a number of people who were born in Italy but have been unable to acquire Italian or another nationality due to barriers or difficulties to birth registration with the authorities of their country of origin, inability of parents to provide relevant supporting documentation to have the child’s Italian nationality recognised, and barriers to acquiring proof of nationality (or lack of nationality) from the consular authorities of parents’ countries of origin. Some initiatives have been established to address the significant risk of statelessness among Roma populations in Italy, including a national strategy for the inclusion of Roma, Sinti and Camminanti communities for the period 2012-2020, and a working group involving civil society, but it is unclear what concrete action has been taken by the Government to address statelessness and risk of statelessness among Roma communities to date.45 Deprivation of nationality under the new legislation on national security and immigration 23. On 27 November 2018, the Italian Parliament passed Law No 132 of 1 December 2018, thus converting into law Law-Decree No 113, that was adopted by the Italian Government on 4 October 2018.46 The new Italian law grants the Italian government the power to strip of their Italian citizenship those individuals who had been found guilty of criminal offences tainted with terrorist purposes, and has been criticised by thirteen UN Special Rapporteurs and Independent Experts, as targeting minorities and those of migrant backgrounds in the country.47 43Canetta, T. & Pruneddu, P., Neonati ‘clandestini’ invisibili per lo Stato, Linkiesta, 20 december 2013: http://www.linkiesta.it/immigrati-figli-anagrafe 44https://tavoloapolidia.org/app/uploads/2018/12/Advocacy-Paper-Tavolo-Apolidia_def.pdf; http://www.cironlus.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/In-the-sun_apolidia_CIR_rapporto-finale_italiano.pdf 45ASGI, Out of limbo: Verso uno status legale per le persone rom prive di documenti, apolidi o a rischio di apolidia, maggio 2015: https://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Rapporto-OUT-OF-LIMBO_def.pdf; Associazione 21 luglio ONLUS-Rapporto Annuale 2016, Aprile 2017: http://www.21luglio.org/21luglio/wpcontent/uploads/2018/04/Rapporto_Annuale-2017_web.pdf; Raccomandazioni del tavolo di lavoro sull’apolidia sulla protezione degli apolidi e sulla riduzione dell’apolidia in Italia, Ottobre 2017: https://tavoloapolidia.org/app/uploads/2018/12/Advocacy-Paper-Tavolo-Apolidia_def.pdf; Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Ufficio per la promozione della parità di trattamento e la rimozione delle discriminazioni fondate sulla razza o sull’origine étnica, Strategia Nazionale d’inclusione dei Rom, dei Sinti e dei Caminanti, Attuazione Comunicazione Commissione Europea N.173/2011: https://www.comune.roma.it/resources/cms/documents/Strategia_italiana_rom.pdf 46See https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/gu/2018/10/04/231/sg/pdf 47See Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, ‘Legal changes and climate of hatred threaten migrants’ rights in Italy, say UN experts, 21 November 2018, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23908&LangID=E 8