These centers hold foreign nationals and stateless persons: • in relation to whom a court has adopted a decision concerning forcible expulsion from Ukraine; • in relation to whom a court has adopted a decision on detention for the purposes of identification and forcible expulsion from Ukraine, including decisions adopted in accordance with international treaties of Ukraine on readmission; • detained by the Migration Service or its local offices or subdivisions for the periods and following the procedures stipulated by law; • detained under a court decision until consideration of an application to find a person a refugee or in need of additional protection in Ukraine.59 The detention period for foreign nationals and stateless persons in these centers is limited to 18 months and is subject to judicial control.60 To extend this term, an administrative action must be filed listing the actions and measures taken by government agencies to identify a foreign national or stateless person, ensure execution of the decision on forcible expulsion (readmission), or consider an application to find that a person is a refugee or in need of additional protection in Ukraine.61 As of today, three of such centers are operating in Ukraine along the western, northern, and southern borders of the country: in Volyn Oblast (intended to hold 165 people at one time), Chernihiv Oblast (intended to hold 208 people at one time), and Mykolaiv Oblast (intended to hold 100 people at one time).62 However, Ukrainian laws also envisage alternatives to detention. These include bail posted by a company, institution, or organization, or by the foreign national or stateless person themselves. Bail cannot be applied to foreign nationals or stateless persons to whom this measure has been previously applied.63 59 Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Status of Foreign Nationals and Stateless Persons,” https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3773-17/print 60 Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Status of Foreign Nationals and Stateless Persons” Clause 4 of Article 30, https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3773-17/print 61 Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine, Clause 12 of Article 289, https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2747-15/print 62 Official website of the State Migration Service of Ukraine, https://dmsu.gov.ua/ pro-dms/struktura-ta-kontakti/punkti-timchasovogo-perebuvannya-inozemcziv-ta-osib-bezgromadyanstva.html 63 Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine, Clause 19 of Article 289, https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2747-15/print 35