parents are unknown, face a heightened risk of trafficking. 60 out of 190 countries do not have jus soli and do not have safeguards for children who would otherwise be stateless, and 27 countries still have no safeguards for foundlings. The persistence of these legal gaps across a significant number of States highlights the urgent need for stronger legal protections to ensure that every child acquires a nationality, in line with international human rights standards. 22. Furthermore, our research shows limited engagement on this issue by UN mechanisms. The graph below shows the total number of countries that have received recommendations by the UN treaty bodies (CRC, CAT, CEDAW) and through the Universal Periodic Review on the need to implement safeguards for children who would otherwise be stateless. The total number of countries is also then broken down by region.5 23. Limited and concerning engagement on this issue by UN mechanisms can also be seen in relation to the need to implement safeguards for foundlings.6 5 These results were concluded based on a search of the database from the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, ‘Database on statelessness and human rights’, available at: https://database.institutesi.org/. At present, the database captures recommendations from the CRC between the period of 2006 – 2025; from CEDAW between 2010 – 2025; from CAT between 2011 – 2025; from UPR between 2008 – 2025. The data in the graph reflects this time period. 6 These results were concluded based on a search of the database from the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, ‘Database on statelessness and human rights’, available at: https://database.institutesi.org/. At present, the database captures recommendations from the CRC between the period of 2006 – 2025; from CEDAW between 2010 – 2025; from CAT between 2011 – 2025; from UPR between 2008 – 2025. The data in the graph reflects this time period. 6