Genocide by Attrition Background On February 1, 2021, the Myanmar military headed by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing attempted to overthrow Myanmar’s new democratically elected government on the opening day of parliament, arresting State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, President Win Myint, and others.1 The following day, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing declared himself the head of the new junta’s State Administration Council (SAC).2 While at the time of writing the Myanmar military does not have effective control of Myanmar territory, the February 2021 coup d’état radically changed the political landscape in the country. The coup prompted widespread peaceful protests and the launch of a nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) involving government employees nationwide refusing to report to work in order to demonstrate their opposition to the junta.3 Since February 2021, tens of millions of people in Myanmar have participated in demonstrations, strikes, and boycotts that have challenged and obstructed junta rule; the country is now on the brink of economic collapse.4 In its effort to crush the CDM and any popular resistance to military rule, the junta killed more than 1,500 civilians, arbitrarily detained at least 12,000, disappeared untold numbers of people, and forcibly displaced more than 440,000 during the first year alone following the coup.5 1 Fortify Rights, “Myanmar: Release Government Officials and Human Rights Defenders Detained in Military Coup,” February 1, 2021, https://www.fortifyrights.org/myainv-2021-02-01/. “Myanmar Coup: Aung San Suu Kyi Detained as Military Seizes Control,” BBC, February 1, 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55882489. 2 “Republic of the Union of Myanmar Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services,” The Global New Light of Myanmar, February 2, 2021, https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/clientcdn/gnlm/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2_Feb_21_gnlm.pdf. Fortify Rights, “Myanmar: Release Government Officials and Human Rights Defenders Detained in Military Coup.” See also, “Myanmar Military Announces New State Administrative Council, Myanmar Times, February 2, 2021, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-military-announces-newstate-administrative-council.html. 3 Fortify Rights, “Countrywide Protests Against the Myanmar Military Junta,” February 8, 2020, https://www.fortifyrights.org/our_films/mya-inv-vdo-2021-02-08/. Fortify Rights, “Myanmar Junta Arbitrarily Arrests Civilians,” February 12, 2020, https://www.fortifyrights. org/our_films/mya-inv-vdo-2021-02-12/. Fortify Rights, “Myanmar Police’s Use of Excessive Forces against Peaceful Protestors,” February 12, 2020, https://www.fortifyrights. org/our_films/mya-inv-vdo-2021-02-12-2/. Fortify Rights, “Myanmar Nationwide Protest, Fortify Rights,” February 12, 2021, https://www.fortifyrights.org/our_films/mya-invvdo-2021-02-12/. Fortify Rights, “Protests Continue in Myanmar Despite Junta Violence,” March 8, 2021, https://www.fortifyrights.org/our_films/mya-inv-vdo-2021-03-08/; Fortify Rights, “50th Day of Myanmar Protest,” March 23, 2021, https://www.fortifyrights. org/our_films/mya-inv-vdo-2021-03-23/. 4 U.N. Human Rights Council, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar Since 1 February 2021, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/49/72, March 15, 2022, para. 5. 5 U.N. Human Rights Council, Enabling Atrocities: UN Member States’ Arms Transfers to the Myanmar Military, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/49/CRP.1, February 22, 2022, https://www.ohchr. org/Documents/Countries/MM/CRP-31012022.docx, para. 1. See also, U.N. Office for the