21 A Nazi-issued Kennkarte identity card stamped with the letter “J” to identify the card-holder as Jewish. The Nazi regime used the Kennkarte as a tool for military, racial, and security controls that made the genocide bureaucratically possible. ©United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Ellen Zweig, January 24, 1939 A set of Rwandan identity papers outlines the individual’s ethnicity. ©Howard Davies CORBIS via Getty