CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 23 yet another generation of Iraqis that face exclusion and denial of their rights, potential undermining prospects for stability in formerly IS controlled areas and across Iraq. It is crucial that the challenges facing Iraqis’ access to documentation and subsequent access to services are addressed to ensure an inclusive recovery and reconstruction process. GOVERNMENT OF IRAQ OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE: Take all measures necessary to ensure displaced Iraqi citizens are able to obtain legal identity and associated civil documents as swiftly as possible »» As a matter of urgency, ensure all measures are taken to ensure children are able to access civil documents as swiftly as possible, including by:  Issuing a directive by the Ministry of Justice creating an ‘amnesty period’ allowing, at least for the next five years, Iraqi women to obtain birth certificates or proof of lineage from the court for children without being required to present the father’s ID, nationality certificate, proof of his death or missing person’s certificate, or a state-issued marriage certificate. Alternative requirements could include: consistently allowing the mother’s family or other witnesses to testify, in order to provide a marriage certificate and child’s proof of lineage/birth certificate. Without significant efforts at both national and local levels to enable paperless Iraqis to obtain the civil documentation required to access public services, an entire segment of the Iraqi population living in areas formerly controlled by IS may be excluded from stabilisation efforts and reconstruction plans. This may create  Issuing a directive by the Ministry of Interior that civil directorates consistently allow state-issued birth certificates or proof of lineage alone to be sufficient to obtain civil IDs, nationality certificates or the new ‘unified ID’ (which combines civil ID with