Chapter 5 ETHIOPIA . A Yemeni refugee (centre-right) prepares samosas with her best friend, who is Ethiopian, at a cooking course at Nefas Silk Polytechnic College in Addis Ababa. The college is the first in Ethiopia to accommodate refugees and Ethiopians studying together in vocational subjects like cooking, woodwork and mechanics. In January 2019, Ethiopia passed historic new laws giving refugees the right to work permits, primary education, birth and marriage registration, and banking. © U N H C R / O K S A N A PA R A F E N I U K According to official government statistics provided to UNHCR over the last ten years, 55 per cent of all resettled refugees were welcomed in the United States of America (575,600), 20 per cent to Canada (210,600) and 11 per cent to Australia (114,500). European countries have increased the number of resettlement places made available to refugees from an average of about 6,000 per year during the initial part of the decade to more than 30,000 in 2019. Overall, more than 144,000 refugees were admitted by European countries between 2010 and 2019. In 2019, 107,800 refugees were resettled to 26 countries with or without UNHCR’s assistance, including 30,100 to Canada. The United States of America admitted 27,500 and Australia 18,200. Resettlement is primarily facilitated by UNHCR in most countries around the world. However, in Canada, almost 3 in 5 (58%) resettlement arrivals during the decade were conducted through private sponsorship resettlement schemes. 52 A similar community-led approach commenced in Ireland in 2019.61 Predictable, efficient and effective resettlement schemes do benefit host States. Several studies published over the last decade proved that resettled refugees contribute significantly to the economic and social fabric of communities. Research commissioned in 2019 by UNHCR in Canada62 shows that refugees are creating jobs for themselves and other Canadians, with almost 1 in 7 refugees self-employed or business owners. Refugees are on average just over 11 years younger than those born in Canada, which means they are more likely to be of working-age, with many years to contribute. Notably, the research proved that 20 years after being resettled to Canada, refugees were contributing more in income tax than they received in public benefits and services. 61 https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/stories/2019/3/5c7ea7cb4/ irish-woman-sets-community-programme-help-refugees.html 62 https://www.unhcr.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Are-RefugeesGood-for-Canada-A-Look-at-Canadian-Refugee-IntegrationNovember-2019.pdf UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2019