Chapter 2 Table 1 | Refugees, people in refugee-like situations and Venezuelans displaced abroad by UNHCR regions | 2019 UNHCR regions Start-2019 People in Venezuelans refugeedisplaced like abroad situations Refugees - East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes - Southern Africa - West and Central Africa Total Africa* Total Refugees End-2019 People in Venezuelans refugeedisplaced like abroad situations Change (total) Total Absolute % -3,900 -0.1% 4,388,900 3,700 - 4,392,600 4,388,700 - - 4,388,700 777,500 - - 777,500 755,300 - - 755,300 -22,200 -2.9% 1,164,100 - - 1,164,100 1,204,700 - - 1,204,700 40,600 3.5% 6,330,500 3,700 - 6,334,200 6,348,700 - - 6,348,700 14,500 0.2% Americas 534,800 108,800 2,606,500 3,250,100 592,800 108,800 3,582,200 Asia and Pacific 4,141,600 54,600 - 4,196,200 4,133,700 48,700 - 4,182,400 -13,800 -0.3% Europe 6,402,500 28,100 - 6,430,600 6,543,500 27,000 - 6,570,500 139,900 2.2% - 2,692,700 2,602,400 Middle East and North Africa 2,649,800 42,900 Total 20,059,200 238,100 2,606,500 22,903,800 20,221,100 4,283,800 1,033,700 31.8% 40,300 - 2,642,700 -50,000 -1.9% 224,800 3,582,200 24,028,100 1,124,300 4.9% *Excluding North Africa. Demographics of people displaced across borders The demographic structure of the people displaced across borders differs from the population of the 272 million international migrants 24 and the 7.7 billion world population. 25 Children represent a larger proportion of the displaced population than they do in the international migrant population, for example. At the end of 2019, around half of refugees were children, 26 compared to an estimated 31 per cent of the world population and just 10 per cent of the international migrant population. 27 Refugee children face particular challenges, such as access to education. An estimated 3.7 million refugee children were out of school in 2018. Enrolment rates of refugee children at primary and secondary level have improved in recent years, but only three per cent were able to access higher education in 2018. 28 Young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 also represent a greater proportion of refugees (13%) when compared to 11 per cent of the world population and 9 per cent of international migrants. In contrast, older persons make up a smaller proportion of the refugee population (4%) compared to the world population (12%) and international migrants (17%). Figure 7 | Demographic breakdown of refugees, international migrants and world population | end-2019 REFUGEES INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS 60+ 2% 2% 8% 50-59 2% 2% 7% 25-49 14% 12% 18-24 7% 6% 12-17 7% 7% 5-11 0-4 11% 8% 11% 8% WORLD POPULATION 9% 6% 27% 23% 6% 6% 5% 5% 18% 17% 4% 6% 5% 2% 2% 5% 5% 2% 2% 6% 6% 1% 1% 5% 4% 5% Male Female DISCLAIMER: figures do not add up to 100 per cent due to rounding. 24 The international migrant dataset includes refugees and asylum-seekers in specific countries. Source: https://www.un.org/en/development/ desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockByAgeAndSex_2019.xlsx 25 Source: https://population.un.org/wpp2019/Download/Standard/Population/ 26 Demographic data is available for 80 per cent of refugees globally. For the remainder, UNHCR has estimated the demographics based on the refugee data available in host countries and other countries in the same region. This figure excludes Venezuelans displaced abroad. 27 To enable the comparison, data for the 5-19 and 20-24 age ranges in the world population and international migrant data was apportioned to UNHCR’s 5-11, 12-17 and 18-24 ranges. 28 https://www.unhcr.org/steppingup/ UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2019 19