remain imprisoned and isolated from their ethnic Rakhine neighbors and the wider Burmese population. Many “checkpoints” that the military and related forces have long used to control Rohingya’s movement continue to enable abuses including bribery, intimidation, and extortion. In the past two years, the military has increasingly required Rohingya to present National Verification Cards when seeking healthcare in already understaffed and underresourced hospitals and clinics, as well as schools and institutions of higher education. They also compel Rohingya to participate in abusive and intrusive annual population checks, also called the “Swe Tin Sit” process, and severely restrict their freedom of movement through “travel restrictions.”53 The military is taking these discriminatory and targeted measures as supposed grounds to arbitrarily arrest and detain Rohingya: WPN reports that, in less than three years, the military has arbitrarily arrested and detained 3,821 Rohingya – including at least 1,132 women – and unjustly charged them for “unauthorized travel.” The junta has also detained Rohingya children in “Youth Rehabilitation Centers” across the country.54 Meanwhile, the ongoing and intensifying armed conflict between the Arakan Army (“AA”) and the Burmese military is putting Rohingya in Rakhine State at greater risk of facing its deadly, spill-over effects. Reports revealed that the AA is using villages predominantly inhabited by Rohingya to launch attacks against the Burmese military. In late January 2024, such an attack left at least 12 Rohingya dead and 30 injured in Rakhine State’s Hpon Nyo Leik village according to the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights with many more reported by local civil society.55 They follow reports on the AA raiding such villages to thwart the threat of “terror,” then forcibly abducting and torturing their Rohingya residents.56 In response to the AA’s attacks, the Burmese military is now attempting to recruit Rohingya civilians despite its early February 2024-enacted mandatory conscription law only enabling them to target whom they deem to be “citizens.” Specifically, the military is using coercive measures to send hundreds of Rohingya youth and internally displaced persons to basic military training, probably to deploy them as cannon fodder to the frontline.57 Combined with Bangladesh and India’s tightening security along their borders, Rakhine State’s 53 “‘We are targeted for being Rohingya in Myanmar and everywhere’: The situation of Rohingya since February 1, 2021.” 54 Rebecca Root, “More than 100 Rohingya refugees jailed for trying to flee Myanmar camps,” The Guardian, January 11, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/11/more-than-100-rohingya-refugees-jailed-for-trying-to-flee-myanma r-camps. 55 “Myanmar: Human rights situation worsens as military lashes out indiscriminately amid losses - Türk,” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, January 30, 2024, https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/01/myanmar-human-rights-situation-worsens-military-lashes-out-ind iscriminately/; “Arakan Army Must Stop Combat in Civilian Areas,” Burma Human Rights Network, February 3, 2024, https://bhrn.org.uk/en/press-release/1240-arakan-army-must-stop-combat-in-civilian-areas.html. 56 “‘We are targeted for being Rohingya in Myanmar and everywhere’: The situation of Rohingya since February 1, 2021”; “Arakan Army Searches Western Myanmar for Muslim ‘Criminal Gangs’,” The Irrawaddy, September 29, 2023, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/arakan-army-searches-western-myanmar-for-muslim-criminal-gangs.html. 57 Wai Wai Nu (@waiwainu), “1/ Hearing that the war between #Myanmar junta & #Arakan Army reached #Sittwe & near its IDP camps, which have confined #Rohingya for over a decade . . . ,” X, February 21, 2024, https://x.com/waiwainu/status/1760407343177589057?s=20; “Myanmar’s military recruiting Rohingya at displaced camps,” Radio Free Asia, February 22, 2024, https://x.com/waiwainu/status/1760407343177589057?s=20. 13