Findings One in twelve Syrian refugees in Dohuk are maktoumeen or ajanib Household surveys and key informant interviews with camp managers, community leaders, and ajanib and maktoumeen themselves suggest the number of stateless Syrians living in Dohuk governorate to be 6,865 out of 85,808, or 8 percent of the Syrian refugee population6. Of all households surveyed, 5.3 percent reported that they are maktoumeen, and 2.3 percent reported that they are ajanib who have either obtained Syrian citizenship since 2011 or still not obtained citizenship. Nearly three-quarters of ajanib who qualify for citizenship under the 2011 law have not applied for it Of respondents who indicated that they are ajanib, 72 percent indicated that they had not applied for citizenship despite qualifying for it under the 2011 law. Sixty-seven percent of those who have not obtained citizenship stated that the primary reason was that they fled Syria before they were able to apply for citizenship. Fourteen percent indicated they did not feel they could safely return to initiate the process, while another 14 percent stated they did not know how to apply for citizenship. Lastly, five percent indicated that cost was the main barrier. In focus group discussions, respondents indicated that returning to Syria to acquire citizenship was not possible for a range of reasons: for men who had not completed compulsory military service, initiating an application would entail the risk of arrest when interacting with Syrian authorities in both Government of Syria and Self Administration areas and women in focus group discussions indicated that cost was a primary concern. Findings 9 12