CITIZENSHIP AND STATELESSNESS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA \74 Table 7: Criteria for loss or deprivation of nationality ere iay Nationality Nationality acquired after birth from birth o_- ”" 50 0 “88 £9 ££ =es SON= Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia = c FS SE —--~ ~so SeseS ® 24650 325 Sot o = (x) X X Xx Somalia !! © $2. 29 » £ © £ xX X _B8. 50 £2 25 ~$§5 o © S>E> & £ §= 5 X xX X xX 5 §Ss = SeaEc ® 4o2% F S223 oS = 5 E Relevant legal provisions 6 X 2 =? o6 seals,65: Es — 2 8585: 2° 52 Oo © 825 £ $8 = & 2; SES S1ES 8% n/a X L201 8Art 35 No L1992Art3,6,8 Partial * No C1995Art33 L2003Arts19&20 C2012Art8 L1962Arts6,10-11 (x) government may deprive if acquires another nationality !! Constitution conflicts with legislation; provisions in the citizenship law noted here * Ethiopia provides that no national may be deprived of nationality against his or her will; however, nationality is deemed automatically lost if a person acquires or retains another nationality as an adult. Children born with two nationalities may thus be at risk of statelessness if the other nationality is not confirmed. Renunciation and reacquisition Even though Djibouti’s 2004 law permitted dual nationality for the first time and renunciation as the only reason for loss of nationality, it contained mentioned voluntary no provision for reacquisition of nationality by those who had previously lost it; and none is included within the 2018 civil code. Eritrea provides for deprivation of nationality by decision of the relevant authorities if a person nationality — that is, permission There is no permission provision and on discharge renounces its is required to give up Eritrean nationality (as it is for dual nationality). reacquisition. of outstanding Ethiopia has obligations. a renunciation By contrast, provision, reacquisition but it also requires is relatively easy in Ethiopia, requiring only reestablishment of domicile in Ethiopia and renunciation of the other nationality. In Somalia, renunciation has no particular conditions other than a person must be resident abroad; but reacquisition is subject to the same conditions as for naturalisation except for a shorter residence period. 1% sentenced to five years imprisonment. In addition to the standard conditions for revocation of naturalised citizenship in case of fraud, the Somaliland law also provides for deprivation of citizenship if a person subsequently breaks one of the conditions for naturalisation (eg is convicted of a crime). Law no.22 of 2002 art. 7. 103 The position is similar in Somaliland, except that the condition relating to residence abroad is not included, and the residence period for reacquisition is the same as for naturalisation. Law no.22 of 2002 art. 4 & 7(1). 32 UNHCR — December 2021