The Grimshaw Review of International Affairs Vol. 2, No. 1 As the Rohingya face the unimaginably harsh realities of statelessness and systemic persecution, the world is reminded of how easily entire populations can be rendered invisible when their rights are seen as inconvenient for those in power. While the international response has largely focused on immediate humanitarian relief – a vital endeavour – this approach has not and cannot address the underlying structural issues that perpetuate the Rohingya’s disenfranchisement. This article explores whether transnational solidarity – conceived as encompassing far more than humanitarian relief – can serve as a truly transformative force that redefines the parameters of citizenship and justice for the Rohingya. Thus arises the critical question: can transnational solidarity, if reconceptualised, advance not only the alleviation of suffering but a systemic shift that might reframe the very notion of belonging, citizenship, and rights for the Rohingya? Can it become a solution, not merely a response, to suffering? To unpack these questions, two contrasting theoretical frameworks will be applied to the case of the Rohingya: constructivism and postcolonialism. Subsequently, two key mechanisms of transnational solidarity – humanitarian aid and digital advocacy – will be critically evaluated through the lenses of the two aforementioned theories. 4.​ Constructivism The theory of constructivism helps analyse the nexus between identity, belonging, and systemic exclusion faced by the Rohingya, while also opening possibilities for reconceptualising transnational solidarity for structural change. As a theory which prioritises ideational factors in international relations, constructivism appears particularly relevant to analyses of the Rohingya, whose plight can largely be attributed to issues of identity. Alexander Wendt’s assertion that “people act toward objects, including other actors, on the basis of the meanings that the objects have for them” (1992, p. 396) emphasises the centrality of constructed meanings and identities in shaping state behaviour and societal interactions. These constructed meanings are particularly salient in the context of Myanmar’s official state 10