This report examines the laws, regulations, practices, institutions, and attitudes currently being mobilized to induce “that feeling of exclusion.” The ongoing attempts to exploit weaknesses in U.S. citizenship law pose an existential threat to open democracy, free thought, and an equal share for all in the political community. These attacks on citizenship can be expected to increase, unless urgent steps are taken. Recommendations To the U.S. Congress Discrimination Respond to evidence of discriminatory targeting in the administration of denaturalization and passport issuance, revocation, and confiscation by: • Commissioning a disparate impact study to examine the unequal and discriminatory effects of the current administration’s citizenship policies and practices. • Undertaking ongoing oversight to ensure that federal agencies investigating fraud in relation to U.S. citizenship are doing so uniformly and not on the basis of collective suspicion against particular racial, religious, ethnic, cultural, or other groups. Denaturalization Moratorium. Impose a moratorium on both civil and criminal denaturalization (8 U.S.C. § 1451 and 18 U.S.C. § 1425) until the adequate independent oversight and statutory safeguards recommended below are in effect. Defunding. Refuse funds to the Departments of State, Homeland Security, and Justice for denaturalization until these agencies can demonstrate compliance with the oversight and safeguards below. Oversight. Use all available oversight mechanisms to publicly expose the investigation, prosecution, and impact of denaturalization cases, including the following information: • The policies, procedures, and priorities under which the Departments of Homeland Security and Justice investigate and prosecute U.S. citizens for denaturalization. • Staff and funding deployed for denaturalization from each relevant operational component. • The number of denaturalization cases reviewed or investigated, referred for prosecution, filed in federal court, placed in removal proceedings, leading to removal, and leading to statelessness. Case data should be disaggregated by country of origin, gender, manner of entry (including port of entry and immigration status upon entry), referring agency, and alleged denaturalization grounds. 14 UNMAKING AMERICANS