METHODOLOGY This study is based on a desk review of secondary data (including but not limited to situation reports, needs assessments, and monitoring updates from UN Agencies) and primary qualitative data. Primary qualitative data was collected in August 2025 and consisted of key informant interviews (KIIs) with seven frontline humanitarian workers based in Gaza and six representatives from UN agencies and INGO staff, as well as eight in-depth testimonies from women living in Gaza. KII participants were selected to ensure diverse and up-to-date perspectives. Agencies and organizations directly responsible for food security, nutrition, protection, disability inclusion, and gender programming were prioritized, with a balance of international, national, and local actors. The institutions represented have operational coverage across all of Gaza, ensuring that perspectives captured reflect the full territorial scope of the crisis. Particular attention was given to including women humanitarian workers, who constituted 9 out of 13 KII participants, to ensure gendered perspectives. All KII participants had direct, recent involvement in the response, ensuring that insights reflected current conditions and first-hand experience. Interviews were conducted in person and in Arabic with frontline humanitarian workers and virtually, in English with UN and INGO representatives. For in-depth testimonies, women were selected using purposive sampling to include a diverse set of profiles, including widows, women with disabilities, pregnant women, mothers of large households, and young women. Geographically, women were selected from across Gaza’s four main displacement blocks (North Gaza, Gaza Governorate, Khan Younis, and Rafah) to reflect the breadth of lived realities in both the south, where many displaced people have concentrated, and the devastated central and northern areas. Testimonies from women were gathered through structured interviews using a genderresponsive tool designed to capture participants’ experiences of hunger, starvation, access to aid, coping mechanisms, and protection risks. Interviews with women were conducted in person in Arabic by trained female interviewers. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed into English for analysis. Due to security and safety concerns, all data was anonymized prior to analysis. Data analysis was inductive, using thematic coding with triangulation of findings from secondary and primary data. LIMITATIONS While this report draws on the most up-to-date available data and first-hand testimonies, several limitations remain. IPC and other food security data are not gender-disaggregated, constraining statistical analysis of women’s specific experiences. Women’s testimonies were gathered from those who could be safely reached, meaning perspectives from the most inaccessible or high-risk areas are underrepresented. Testimonies were translated from Arabic into English, with every effort made to preserve meaning. Finally, the situation in Gaza is highly fluid; data cited in this report reflect conditions between October 2023 and August 2025 and should be interpreted accordingly. 9