STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY Uganda’s dual citizenship provisions, as amended in 2009, are very complex and create significant conditions to be able to hold dual citizenship. It is not permitted to hold three citizenships, and the other country must permit dual citizenship. Uganda is also unusual in providing that dual citizenship is only allowed for adults, not for children; even a child born and resident in Uganda until majority who has another citizenship has to apply for Ugandan citizenship as an adult as would be the case for any other foreigner.30 (The more usual provision where dual nationality is prohibited, as in Tanzania, is for children to be permitted to hold two nationalities until they reach majority, when there is a period during which they must opt for one or the other.) The law provides additional conditions that apply to people seeking to naturalise who wish to retain their other nationality, that are not applied to those have been Ugandan citizens from birth but naturalise in another country.31 The amendments established a list of public offices that cannot be held by dual citizens. Kenya’s 2010 constitution similarly introduced, at the same time as the general prohibition on dual citizenship was lifted, a ban on state officers, including the President and Deputy President, being dual nationals.32 In practice, Kenya requires the other country to permit dual nationality before permitting it, although this is not stated in the legislation.33 Table 4: Countries permitting and prohibiting dual nationality for adults Dual nationality permitted for adults? COUNTRY Burundi Yes With permission No Restrictions on public office x Kenya L2000 Art21 State officer or a member of the defence forces shall C2010 Arts15(4),16,78,99,137&148 not hold dual citizenship; President and Deputy L2011 Sec8 President shall not owe allegiance to a foreign state x Rwanda x South Sudan x The President, President of Senate, Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, President of Supreme Court must not hold any other nationality C2003(2015) Arts 25,66,99&153 L2008 Art3 C2011 Art45(5)&(6) L2011 Secs10&15 Tanzania Uganda Relevant legal provisions x x L1995 Sec7 List of posts for which cannot be dual national, including President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Cabinet Ministers, heads of security services C1995(2005) Art15 L1999(2009) Secs15-19,19A-G & Schedule 5 30 The provisions permitting dual citizenship relate to a person who has voluntarily acquired another citizenship, not to a person who is born with two citizenships. 31 Citizenship and Immigration Control Act 1999, amended 2009, Section 19 A-G. 32 Constitution of Kenya 2010, Articles 78 and 137. 33 Input at Arusha workshop, 20 March 2017. UNHCR / September 2018 15