STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY Table 6: Conditions for loss or deprivation of nationality Kenya (x) Rwanda South Sudan ‼ x Tanzania x* Uganda (x) x x x Protection vs statelessness Time limit for deprivation Residence out of country Disloyal behaviour x Ordinary crime x Burundi Crime vs state Fraud / misrep. Citizenship by naturalisation Work for foreign state (incl. army) Crime vs state COUNTRY Citizenship from birth Work for / act like national of another state Acquires another citizenship Dual cit. Relevant legal provisions L2000 Art30-34 C2010 Art17 L2011 Secs19(4)&21 x x x x x C2003(2015) Art25 L2008 Arts18-21 x x C2011 Art45 L2011 Sec15 x x x x x x x x x L1995 Secs7,13-17 C1995(2005) Arts14-15 L1999(2009) Secs17-20 (x) Permission of government required for dual citizenship. * Dual citizenship is permitted for children who have two citizenships from birth ‼ Legislation and constitution conflict. Shaded area Citizen from birth cannot lose citizenship. Renunciation and reacquisition While all the nationality laws of the EAC countries include provisions allowing a person to renounce his or her nationality, the level of discretion given to the executive to refuse renunciation varies considerably. The inability to renounce nationality may prevent a person from acquiring another nationality where they have stronger ties. In Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda permission may be refused in some circumstances; in South Sudan, renunciation is completed only by presidential order. It is important that renunciation provisions provide protection against statelessness, so that a person cannot renounce in order to acquire another nationality and then be left stateless if naturalisation elsewhere is refused. There are no such protections in South Sudan and Tanzania, which compound the problem by also having no provisions for reacquisition of nationality (except in the case of Tanzania for a woman who has divorced her foreign husband). UNHCR / September 2018 21