Abbreviations, Acronyms and Glossary of Terms Bibliography Abbreviations and Acronyms Bibliography ABBREVIATION Literature cited in this report EXPANSION 1. 17. Yadav, Anumeha. Can biometrics stop the Aggarwal, Ankita. 10 ways MGNREGA theft of food rations? No, shows Gujarat CMIE Centre for Monitoring India Economy workers do not get paid, Economic and (published on Scroll.in), 17th December DBT Direct benefit transfer Political Weekly 52(6), 2017 2016 HCD Human centred design ID Identification (card) LPG Liquid petroleum gas (subsidy) mAadhaar Mobile Aadhaar MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme KPI Key performance indicator OBC Other Backward Classes of AeFDS (Aadhaar enabled Fertilizer OTP One-time password Distribution System) Pilot, 2019 NSAP National Social Assistance Programme (social pensions) PDS Public Distribution System and Public Distribution. State/UT-wise in Public Programs with Direct Benefit QR code Quick-response code Status of End-to-End Computerization Transfers: Evidence from India’s Fuel SoA State of Aadhaar of PDS Operations, 19th December 2017 SC Scheduled Caste(s) (accessed in October 2019) ST Scheduled Tribe(s) UIDAI Unique Identification Authority of India UT Union territory 2. BCG and Facebook, Encashing on digital: Financial services in 2020, June 2017 3. Dutta, Siraj. Refusing to Learn From Tragedy, Jharkhand Demands Aadhaar for Rations, 8th February 2019 4. MicroSave. Niti Aayog. Assessment 5. Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food 6. Ministry of Finance - Government of India. The Economic Survey of India, 2018-19 7. National Council of Applied Economic Research. Evaluation Study of Targeted Public Distribution System in Selected Glossary of Terms TERM Denial of service DEFINITION We define denial of service as not receiving a service (as reported by the respondents) at the time of expected service delivery (such as collection of rations). Error rate The incidence of error in people’s Aadhaar information. We report error rates for data printed on the card (name, date of birth, gender, address, photograph) and for some data that is captured but not printed on the card (mobile phone, biometrics). Error rates are self-reported. Exclusion States, September 2015 8. National Social Assistance Program. State level dashboards 9. Press Trust of India. Aadhaar to those who 18. Abraham, Ronald. Pattanayak, Akash. Smartcards in India, 2016 36. Prasad, Shradhey Parijat. Sharma, Nishka. Clearing the air on Aadhaar data breach, Tantri, Prasanna. A Friend Indeed: Does 2018 The Use of Biometric Digital Identity Make 19. Aiyar, Yamini. There are no shortcuts to building State capacity, 2018 20. Barnwal, Prabhat. Curbing Leakage Subsidies and Black Markets, April 2016 21. Bhardwaj, Anjali. Johri, Amrita. Aadhaar: When the Poor Get Left Out, 2018 22. CGAP. Dalberg. Future of Finance. Privacy on the Line: What people in India think about their data protection and privacy, 2017 23. Dorajiwala, Sakina. Narayanan, Rajendran. Somanchi, Anmol. An Welfare Programs Counter Cyclical?, 2018 37. Saha, Devanik. Did Aadhaar Glitches Cause Half of 14 Recent Jharkhand Starvation Deaths?, 2018 38. Sinha, Amber. Kodali, Srinivas. Information Security Practices of Aadhaar (or lack thereof): A documentation of public availability of Aadhaar Numbers with sensitive personal financial information, 2017 39. Reddy, U Sudhakar. In Telangana, pension and NREGA hit Aadhaar wall, 2018 40. UIDAI. Compilation of Parliamentary questions on Aadhaar, 2018 imaginary friend, 2018 24. Drèze, Jean. Gupta, Prankur. Khera, Datasets used 41. Abraham, Ronald. State of Aadhaar India’s Public Distribution System after the Survey 2017-18 Datasets, Harvard 2019 Food Security Act, 30th January 2019 10. Press Trust of India. Centre gives 1-yr 25. Drèze, Jean. Khalid, Nazar. Khera, deadline to states for rolling out one Reetika. Somanchi, Anmol. Aadhaar and nation, one ration card, 29th June 2019 Food Security in Jharkhand, 2017 11. The Aadhaar and other Laws 26. Gelb, Alan. Mukherjee, Anit. Navis, Kyle. (Amendment) Ordinance, 2019 Technology and State Capacity: Lessons from “Digital Krishna”, 27th June 2019 We define exclusion from a service as lack of access to the service because of inability to 18 lakh beneficiaries of National Food 27. IDInsight, State of Aadhaar Report 2017- enrol or cancellation of existing enrolment Security Act fail to link Aadhar number Any person living in India. Our study cannot establish legal residence status Capacity: Evidence from Biometric prove citizenship, can't get it, 30th August 13. The Reserve Bank of India. Statistics: accessed in October 2019 14. The Supreme Court of India. Judgment no. 35071/ 2012, 26 Sep 2018, 15. UIDAI. Circular: No denial of admission in schools for want of Aadhaar and Organising special Aadhaar Enrolment/ update camps at schools - reg., 5th September 2018 (accessed October 2019) 16. UIDAI. Statistics on the nation-wide 43 throughout the course of this study Reetika. Pimenta, Isabel. Casting the Net: ‘Retail Electronic Payment Systems Data’, Resident and benefits of Aadhaar, 2018 35. Muralidharan, Karthik. Niehaus, Paul. Sukhtankar, Sandip. Building State Additional literature reviewed and consulted 12. The New Indian Express (Odisha). Over Share of people who are satisfied minus share of people who are dissatisfied Sukhtankar, Sandip. Balancing the costs get entry in final NRC; those who can't before deadline, 17th September 2019 Net satisfaction 34. Muralidharan, Karthik. Niehaus, Paul. 18, 2018 Dataverse, 2018 42. Census of India, 2011 43. Intermedia and BMGF. Financial Inclusion Insights - India survey, 2017 44. National Food Security Act. Database of hunger-related deaths, 2015-18 45. Somanchi, Anmol. Paikra, Vipul. Database of Aadhaar-related forgeries, fraud, 2018 46. UIDAI. Saturation data, 2019 28. Kapoor, Prerna. Nair, Remya. Roche, Elizabeth. Aadhaar fails MGNREGS test in Telangana, 2017 29. Khaira, Rachna. Data Breach: Aadhaar Details up for Grabs for Just Rs 500, 2018 30. Khera, Reetika. Dissent on Aadhaar: Big Data Meets Big Brother, 2019 31. Malhotra, Rishabh. Somanchi, Anmol. Pension Tension: Aadhaar and Social Assistance in Jharkhand, 2018 32. Manzar, Osama. Death by data, 2017 33. Ministry of Finance. The Economic Survey computerization of PDS (e-PDS), 20th of India 2015-16: Spreading JAM across August 2018 India’s Economy, 2016 44