TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 3 5 A Guide to Using This Report Terminology Introduction 6 International Human Rights Law and Alternative Protection Regimes: Piecemeal Protection in the Absence of Holistic Frameworks 10 Regional Overview of Refugee Protection Responses 15 Highlighting Positive Practices in the Protection of Non-Nationals 15 Legal Status and Documentation 25 Alternatives to Detention and Non-Penalization of Protection Seekers for “Unlawful” Entry and Presence 29 Access to Basic Rights and Entitlements 37 Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations 37 Strategize with Discretion in Mind 38 Consider UNHCR as a Target of Advocacy 38 Consider UNHCR as a target of advocacy 39 Strategically Utilize Complementary Pathways to Protection 39 Employ Citizenship Law as a Possible Pathway to Protection 40 Consider Calling for Temporary Protection, While Remaining Aware of its Limitations 1 41 Push for Prima-Facie Recognition 41 Prioritize Freedom of Movement 41 Advocate for Alternatives to Detention 42 Support and Strengthen Civil Society 43 Engage and Support National Human Rights Institutions 43 Enhance and Expand South-South Cooperation 44 Conclusion 45 Endnotes UND OING PRECARIT Y: ELE VATING P OSITIVE PR ACTICES FOR REFU GEE PROTECTION IN SO U TH AND SO U THE AST ASIA