Contents List of Abbreviations 7 Summary 8 Introduction 9 Lack of comprehensive population data 11 Gaps in measures to prevent statelessness 12 Challenges in implementing legal safeguards to prevent childhood statelessness 12 Barriers to immediate birth registration 13 Gaps in measures to reduce (risk of) statelessness 15 Statelessness in a migratory context 17 Cross-border challenges in addressing statelessness in the Western Balkans 18 Action areas 19