10 Roma Equality, Inclusion, and Participation adopted across the region further signal political commitments to address the marginalisation of Roma communities, including the specific barriers they face in accessing or proving their citizenship. While these developments mark a significant and welcome shift in regional attention to statelessness, the challenge now lies in ensuring that legal and political commitments are translated into sustained, practical impact on the lives of those individuals and communities affected by statelessness and lack of legal identity. Several gaps in the prevention and reduction of statelessness remain across the region. Roma communities continue to face barriers to birth registration, civil documentation, and citizenship. Targeted efforts to address these barriers must be adequately resourced, institutionally embedded, and designed with the participation of affected communities to ensure relevance, inclusivity, and durability. In the current context of funding constraints and political uncertainty, there is a real risk that recent gains may stall or regress without continued investment and leadership. This moment presents a crucial opportunity not only to reaffirm commitments, but to operationalise them through clear central and local strategies, concrete actions, and collaborative implementation, to ensure that no one is left behind. This policy paper seeks to contribute to these efforts by highlighting some of the key common legal, policy, and practical gaps, challenges, and trends across the region in relation to the prevention and reduction of Roma statelessness. It is a key output of the Roma Integration Phase III Programme’s efforts to address statelessness (June 2024–June 2025), coordinated by the European Network on Statelessness (ENS) and the Council of Europe, in collaboration with partner organisations in Albania (Tirana Legal Aid Society, Roma Active Albania), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Vaša prava BiH), Kosovo (Roma Versitas Kosovo), Montenegro (Phiren Amenca), North Macedonia (Macedonia Young Lawyers Association), and Serbia (Praxis). It draws on six policy papers produced for each Programme Beneficiary, along with the outcomes of a regional roundtable held in Podgorica on 27May 2025. By bringing together the evidence from across the region, the paper aims to inform progress towards ending statelessness among Roma in the Western Balkans.