REFUSING REFUSAL: THE STRUGGLES OF STATELESS
PALESTINIANS IN THE SWEDISH MIGRATION
REGIME
HELENA LINDHOLM *
This article explores the ways in which contemporary Swedish migration politics are manifested
and performed in relation to stateless Palestinians. A qualitative case study shows how the
migration regime of Sweden aggravates conditions of statelessness through managerial aspects of
categorisations, temporalities, passivisation and spatialities. The article illustrates how
securitised migration politics are detrimental to how statelessness is lived and experienced but
also that stateless migrants actively engage with this regime in order to resist, protest and achieve
change. Using counter-conduct as a prism through which to analyse migrant resistance, the article
further explores how stateless migrants do not passively submit themselves to the outcome of
penalising regimes, but struggle for a right of presence.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and Aims .......................................................................................... 267
Theoretical Considerations: Statelessness, Deportability and Migrant
Resistance as Counter-Conduct ............................................................................ 268
Mixed Methods ..................................................................................................... 273
State of the Art: Statelessness and Sweden’s Migration Politics .......................... 274
Conduct and Counter-Conduct ............................................................................. 276
A Categorisation and Identity....................................................................... 276
B Temporal Conduct and Counter-Conduct: ‘The Days I Lost’ .................. 279
C Conduct through Co-optation: ‘You Have Not Cooperated’ .................... 282
Spatial Resistance: ‘This Is a Prison’.................................................................... 284
Concluding Remarks: The Refusal of the Refused ............................................... 285
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
In late 2019, Ahmed, a stateless Palestinian man from Gaza in his 40s, was evicted
from Restad Gård, the accommodation of the Swedish Migration Agency (‘SMA’)
in the city of Vänersborg. His application for protection had been rejected and he
was to be deported but found it impossible to return to Gaza. He saw no other
solution than to spend his nights outside of the building. To keep warm, he
wrapped himself in plastic and a tarpaulin as he lay on the asphalt outside of the
imposing brick-layered building. Ahmed was on hunger strike during January and
February 2020, with the intention of drawing attention to his situation. Later, a
small blue tent bought by his friends became his only semblance of ‘home’. By
February 2021, there was no change to his situation and due to the freezing cold,
he was briefly hospitalised with hypothermia. Ahmed’s circumstances reflect how
lives are made invisible and impossible through the governmentality of Sweden’s
*
Helena Lindholm is Professor in Peace and Development research at the School of Global
Studies, University of Gothenburg. Disclosure Statement: I certify that there are no conflicts
of interests. The funding for this project has been made available through the author’s current
position. I am extremely grateful for the comments by the reviewers.