Introduction At the beginning of the 20th century, most Palestinians lived inside the borders of Mandatory Palestine, which is now divided into the land colonized by Israel since 1948 (Palestine 1948 hereafter), and the occupied Palestinian territory, namely the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and east Jerusalem. However, the ongoing forcible displacement policies following the establishment of the British Mandate for Palestine in 1919 and the Israeli enterprise in 1948 has made Palestinians the largest and longest-standing unresolved refugee case in the world today. As of 2021, an estimated 66.4 percent of the global Palestinian population of 12.1 million are forcibly displaced persons.1 Importantly, the forcible displacement of the Palestinian people is not an end in and of itself, per se. It is rather utilized by the Israeli regime to further its Zionist colonial enterprise, aimed at acquiring the maximum amount of land with the minimum number of Palestinians. As such, land continues to constitute a central element of Israel’s ongoing Nakba against the Palestinian people. This has manifested in two complementary mechanisms: de facto and de jure land confiscation. While de facto confiscation does not immediately change the ownership status but rather reflects the situation on the ground, de jure confiscation constitutes the official transfer of ownership. In most cases, de facto confiscation is utilized as an intermediary step that eventually leads to de jure confiscation, when the transfer of ownership then occurs. Israel thus deploys a two-fold strategy that seeks to seize land through manipulative categorizations on the one hand and denial of access to and use of land on the other, in order to free up more land for future seizure. So far, this policy has resulted in 85 percent of Mandatory Palestine dedicated for the exclusive benefit of Israeli-Jews. Palestinians with Israeli citizenship, who constitute almost 20 percent of the population, are confined to less than 4 percent of the land. As for 1 BADIL, Nakba Statement: 73 years of Nakba and 73 years of resistance, press release, 15 May 2021, Accessed 1 November 2021, Available at: https://www.badil.org/pressreleases/8864.htm 1

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