In total, between 2013 and 2018, there were 7,298 demolitions in the Palestinian Bedouin communities over lack of permits, notwithstanding the fact that the 35 unrecognized villages are home to 100,000 Palestinians with Israeli citizenship.28 In 2019 alone, 2,241 structures were demolished either by state forces or by the owners after they received a demolition order or a warning. This represented an increase of 146% compared to the previous year, and a 221% increase compared to 2013.29 2. Designation of Land as Nature Reserves, Parks, or Sites The allocation of national parks in the territory Israel controls since 1948 is permitted under a legislation originating from 1963,30 amended many times over the years and culminating in the current version: National Parks, National Sites and Memorial Sites Law of 1998. Under this law, the Israeli Minister of Interior has full discretion to declare areas as “national parks,” “national sites” and “memorial sites.”31 No compensation is offered for the land, even though private use and access to the land are prohibited, as it has become “public land.”32 Along with the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, the JNF is a major pillar of the Israeli settler colonialism project. Founded in 1901 in Switzerland during the Fifth Zionist Congress, the JNF was set up as a non-governmental organization, although its special relationship with the government makes it arguable that the JNF is a quasi-governmental agency.33 The main development carried out in 28 Middle East Eye, Negev: Israeli forces destroy sit-in tents in Palestinian villages, carry out demolitions, 2022, Accessed 15 February 2022, Available at: https://www.middleeasteye. net/news/israel-palestine-negev-villages-tents-destroyed-demolitions 29 NCF, On (In)Equality and Demolition of Homes and Structures in Arab Bedouin Communities in the Negev/Naqab, June 2020, 23, Available at: https://dukium.org/wp-content/ uploads/2020/07/HDR-2020-Datat-on-2019-Eng.pdf 30 National Parks and Nature Reserve Law 5723-1963, 1963, Available at: http:// extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/isr7843.pdf 31 National Parks, Nature Reserves, Memorial Sites and National Sites Law 1992, 1998, Accessed 15 February 2022, Available at: https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/pressroom/1998/ pages/national%20parks-%20nature%20reserves-%20memorial%20sites%20an. aspx 32 BADIL, Israeli Land Grab and Forced Population Transfer of Palestinians, 78. 33 BADIL, Land Confiscation and Denial of Use, 42. 9