3.3. Statelessness determination procedure or other procedures in which
statelessness is determined................................................................................................................................ 56
3.3.1 Competent authority..................................................................................................................................... 56
3.3.2 Procedural aspects......................................................................................................................................... 56
3.3.2.1 Initiation of the proceedings.............................................................................................................. 56
3.3.2.2 Questions of proof................................................................................................................................ 58
3.3.2.3 Access to courts.................................................................................................................................... 59
3.4 Rights of applicants and recognized stateless persons....................................................................... 60
3.4.1 Rights of applicants during the legal status determination procedure............................................ 60
3.4.1.1 Detention................................................................................................................................................ 61
3.4.1.2 Expulsion................................................................................................................................................. 63
3.4.2 Rights of persons recognized as stateless................................................................................................ 65
3.4.2.1 The right of residence.......................................................................................................................... 67
3.4.2.2 The right to work................................................................................................................................... 69
3.4.2.3 The right to public relief...................................................................................................................... 71
3.4.2.4 Identification and travel documents............................................................................................... 71
3.5 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................................... 73
4. Reduction and prevention of statelessness........................................................................................ 76
4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 76
4.2 National legal framework............................................................................................................................. 77
4.3 Acquisition and loss of nationality under the national legal framework and
compatibility with international standards.................................................................................................... 78
4.3.1 Avoidance of statelessness at birth............................................................................................................ 79
4.3.1.1 Birth in the state territory................................................................................................................... 79
4.3.1.2 Birth outside the state’s territory...................................................................................................... 84
4.3.1.3 Foundlings.............................................................................................................................................. 84
4.3.1.4 Birth on a ship or aircraft.................................................................................................................... 85
4.3.2 Avoidance of statelessness in the context of renunciation, loss or deprivation
of nationality............................................................................................................................................................... 85
4.3.3 Reduction of statelessness........................................................................................................................... 87
4.3.3.1 Naturalization........................................................................................................................................ 87
4.3.3.2 Other modes.......................................................................................................................................... 91
4.4 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................................... 92
5. Concluding remarks and recommendations....................................................................................... 95
Identification and registration of statelessness.......................................................................................... 96
Determination of stateless persons and the rights attached to the status...................................... 97
Prevention and reduction of statelessness................................................................................................... 97
UNHCR STOCKHOLM, 2016
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