• Accessing public and private healthcare services for women. The Ministry of Health (MOH) and various public healthcare centres and hospitals under its authority began gradually introducing a policy in late 2019 that required a physical national ID card to be shown to access the public healthcare system and for the NIN to be captured in hospital registers. The policy appears to have been applied inconsistently by different health centres but continues to be the formal policy directive. • Raising complaints about Ndaga Muntu. The Ugandan government has an obligation under international human rights law as well as domestic law to provide individuals whose human and legal rights are affected by Ndaga Muntu with the opportunity to raise complaints, redress grievances, and find remedies for any violations of their rights. There are formal grievance redress mechanisms associated with the Senior Citizens’ Grant programme and through Health Management Units, but most complaints seem to be raised through the LC1 Chairperson in a person’s local village. An accountability mechanism specific to the Ndaga Muntu system, as foreseen in Section 83 of ROPA, appears to be non-existent at present. 1. “Some people those machines refused”: Registration for the Ndaga Muntu system Figure 4 Disgruntled older people in Namayingo who have been unable to register or have errors on their National IDs. In Busia, we visited the home of a woman who recounted some of the difficulties her family faced trying to obtain a Ndaga Muntu for her 95-year-old mother. As her mother lay in the bed beside her, she told us how her mother had been sick and unable to attend the registration exercise. As a result, her mother was not able to obtain her NIC and was cut off from social assistance programmes. Mass registration for Ndaga Muntu began with an enrolment drive that started in 2014,66 when many were encouraged by their Local Council 26 Chased Away and Left to Die