SUB-REGIONAL OVERVIEW: CENTRAL ASIA SUB-REGIONAL OVERVIEW: CENTRAL ASIA Sub-Regional Overview: Central Asia Countries Covered: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Laws Citizenship Law Jus sanguinis and jus soli provisions While there are many strong legal safeguards in national legislation across Central Asia, not all legislations align with the Statelessness Conventions’ guidelines to eliminate the risk of statelessness. The citizenship legislation of all countries in Central Asia operate through a mixed jus sanguinis and jus soli structure.327 In Kyrgyzstan children born to one citizen parent will be a citizen regardless of birthplace.328 In Uzbekistan, to confer citizenship to a child born to one citizen parent and one foreign citizen parent - regardless of birthplace - the Uzbek citizen parent must request citizenship for their child.329 While Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan also only require one citizen parent to confer citizenship there is differential treatment between children born within our outside of the country. Children born outside of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan must have at least one parent with permanent residence to be a citizen.330 In all countries of Central Asia, a child born to two citizen parents will be a citizen regardless of birthplace.331 The citizenship legislation of all countries in Central Asia operate through a mixed jus sanguinis and jus soli structure. In Kyrgyzstan, as a result of 2023 amendments to citizenship laws, jus soli provisions provide automatic citizenship for children born to a stateless parent or parents.332 In Turkmenistan, children born to two stateless parents will only be a citizen if one parent has been habitually residing in the country.333 For children born to stateless parents in both Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, to access citizenship both parents must have permanent residence.334 There are no extra conditions placed on children born to two 38 STATELESSNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA ASIA PACIFIC (DETAILED VERSION) REPORT 2024 39