ENDNOTES 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 324 See, Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). See also, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam and Davina Wadley, ‘The Protection of Stateless Persons in Australian Law: The Rationale for the Statelessness Determination Procedure’ (Pt 1) (2016) 40(2) Melbourne University Law Review 401; Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam and Davina Wadley, ‘The Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness in Australia: An Ongoing Challenge’ (Pt 2) (2016) 40(2) Melbourne University Law Review 456. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 30 August 1961, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 989, p. 175, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b39620.html Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). “Factsheet: Statelessness in Australia” (University of Melbourne, February 2023), https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0008/4488281/Statelessness-in-Australia.pdf. Human Rights Committee, Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Australia, 1 December 2017, CCPR/C/AUS/CO/6, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download. aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2FAUS%2FCO%2F6&Lang=en Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Australia, 1 November 2019, CRC/C/AUS/CO/5-6, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/ Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FAUS%2FCO%2F5-6&Lang=en Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Australia, 1 November 2019, CRC/C/AUS/CO/5-6, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/ Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FAUS%2FCO%2F5-6&Lang=en Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Concluding observations on the eighth periodic report of Australia, 25 July 2018, CEDAW/C/AUS/CO/8, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/ Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2FC%2FAUS%2FCO%2F8&Lang=en Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Concluding observations on the eighth periodic report of Australia, 25 July 2018, CEDAW/C/AUS/CO/8, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/ Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2FC%2FAUS%2FCO%2F8&Lang=en UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p. 3, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38f0.html. Human Rights Council, National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21, 28 December 2020, A/HRC/WG.6/37/AUS/1, available at: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol= A%2FHRC%2FWG.6%2F37%2FAUS%2F1&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False See United Nations General Assembly, ‘National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21’ (18 – 29 January 2023), para 122 <https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/ G20/356/20/PDF/G2035620.pdf?OpenElement>. Migration Act (1958) (Australia). “Pledges & Contributions,” The Global Compact on Refugees | UNHCR, accessed January 5, 2024, https:// globalcompactrefugees.org/pledges-contributions. “Factsheet: Statelessness in Australia.” “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022” (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, June 14, 2023), https:// www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022. “Factsheet: Statelessness in Australia.” “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021” (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, June 16, 2022), https:// www.unhcr.org/us/media/40152; “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2020” (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, June 18, 2021), https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/60b638e37/global-trends-forceddisplacement-2020.html. “Statelessness in Numbers: 2020” (Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, August 2020), https://files.institutesi.org/ISI_ statistics_analysis_2020.pdf. “Pledges 2011: Ministerial Intergovernmental Event on Refugees and Stateless Persons.” “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022.” “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022.” “Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council: Universal Periodic Review - Australia” (Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, Statelessness Network Asia Pacific, Refugee Advice & Casework Service, Peter McMullin Centre on Statelessness, February 2021), https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/3436278/ISI-UPR-Submission-Australia-ForWebsite.pdf. “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2019” (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, June 18, 2020), https:// www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/globaltrends2019/. “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2020.” “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021.” “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022.” Giovanni Torre, “Number of Indigenous People Facing Threat of Deportation Revealed after Court Case Canned,” National Indigenous Times, August 9, 2022, https://nit.com.au/09-08-2022/3632/number-of-indigenous-people-facing-threat-ofdeportation-revealed-after-court-case-canned. “Queensland Child Rights Report 2023” (Queensland Family & Child Commission, 2023), https://www.qfcc.qld.gov.au/sites/ default/files/2023-08/QFCC%20Child%20Rights%20Report%202023%20%281%29.pdf. “Queensland Child Rights Report 2023.” “Births, Australia Methodology, 2022,” Australian Bureau of Statistics, October 18, 2023, https://www.abs.gov.au/ methodologies/births-australia-methodology/2022. STATELESSNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA ASIA PACIFIC (DETAILED VERSION) ENDNOTES 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam, and Davina Wadley, “Part One: The Protection of Stateless Persons in Australian Law - The Rationale for a Statelessness Determination Procedure” (University of Melbourne Law School, 2016), https://law.unimelb. edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/2369582/01-Foster,-McAdam-and-Wadley-Part-One-402-Post-Press.pdf. UNHCR, ‘Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021’ (June 2022) Annex, Table 5 fn 2. Foster, McAdam, and Wadley, “Part One: The Protection of Stateless Persons in Australian Law - The Rationale for a Statelessness Determination Procedure.” “Statelessness in Australia” (Refugee Council of Australia, August 2015), https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/wp-content/ uploads/2018/12/1508-Statelessness.pdf. “Facts & Figures,” Federation of Agencies for Support and Training for Torture and Trauma Survivors (FASSTT) (blog), accessed December 15, 2023, https://www.fasstt.org.au/facts-figures/; Max Chalmers, “Legal Clinic to Count Australia’s Stateless People as It Helps Give Children a Place to Call Home,” ABC News, March 24, 2021, https://www.abc.net.au/ news/2021-03-25/stateless-in-australia-citizenship-uncertain-future/100025166. See Parliament Joint Committee on intelligence and Security, ‘Review of the Renunciation by Conduct and Cessation Provisions in the Australian Citizenship Act 2007’ (October 2019) <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/committees/reportjnt/024297/toc_pdf/ ReviewoftherenunciationbyconductandcessationprovisionsintheAustralianCitizenshipAct2007. pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf> Matthew Doran and Jade Macmillian, “Fiji Casts Fresh Doubt on Decision to Strip Terrorist Neil Prakash of Australian Citizenship,” ABC News, January 8, 2019, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-08/neil-prakash-definitely-not-fijianargue-officials/10698462. ee Rayner Thwaites, ‘Citizenship Deprivation as banishment: The High Court of Australia in Alexander’s Case’, EUI Global Citizenship Observatory, 11 July 2022, https://globalcit.eu/citizenship-deprivation-as-banishment-the-high-court-ofaustralia-in-alexanders-case/#:~:text=The%20decision%20in%20Alexander%20v,deprivation%20was%20punishment%20 for%20misconduct See Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, ‘Report to the attorney General: Review of the Operation, Effectiveness and Implications of Terrorism-Related Citizenship Loss Provisions Contained in the Australian Citizenship Act 2007’ (2019) 49, https://www.inslm.gov.au/sites/default/files/INSLM%20Citizenship%20unclassified%20report%20FINAL. pdf Helen Davidson, ‘They’re Putting Us Through Hell’: PNG Born Australians Furious at Citizenship Bungle’, The Guardian, 3 March 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/mar/03/theyre-putting-us-through-hell-png-bornaustralians-furious-at-citizenship-bungle Stefan Armbruster, ‘Man Born in Pre-Independence PNG Recognised as Australian after Federal Court Battle with Immigration Minister’, SBS News, 17 April 2020, https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/man-born-in-pre-independence-pngrecognised-as-australian-after-federal-court-battle-with-immigration-minister/r2z41rekx Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). Australian Citizenship Amendment (Allegiance to Australia) Act 2015, s 1. Australian Citizenship Amendment (Allegiance to Australia) Act 2015, s 3. Counter-Terrorism (Temporary Exclusion Orders) Act (2019) (Australia) Alexander v Minister for Home Affairs, 2022, HCA 19 https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2022/HCA/19; Helen Irving, ‘Alexander v Minister for Home Affairs: Existential Citizenship and Metaphorical Allegiance’, AUSPUBLAW, 15 July 2022, https://www.auspublaw.org/blog/2022/07/alexander-v-minister-for-home-affairs-existential-citizenship-andmetaphorical-allegiance “High Court of Australia Alexander Ruling,” Attorney-General’s profile, June 8, 2022, https://ministers.ag.gov.au/mediacentre/high-court-australia-alexander-ruling-08-06-2022. Paul Karp, “Court Rules Minister Can’t Strip Dual Nationals of Australian Citizenship for Suspected Terrorism,” The Guardian, June 8, 2022, sec. Law, https://www.theguardian.com/law/2022/jun/08/court-rules-minister-cant-strip-dual-nationals-ofaustralian-citizenship-for-suspected-terrorism; Rayner Thwaites, “Citizenship Deprivation as Banishment: The High Court of Australia in Alexander’s Case,” Globalcit, July 11, 2022, https://globalcit.eu/citizenship-deprivation-as-banishment-the-highcourt-of-australia-in-alexanders-case/. Angus Thompson, “New Laws Coming after Terror Cell Leader Benbrika Wins High Court Citizenship Case,” The Sydney Morning Herald, November 1, 2023, https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/infamous-terror-cell-leader-benbrika-winshigh-court-citizenship-case-20231101-p5egnf.html. Thompson. Thompson. Asher Hirsch, “Denying Refugees Citizenship: The Australian Way,” Refugee Council of Australia, November 10, 2017, https:// www.refugeecouncil.org.au/denying-refugees-citizenship/. Hirsch. Amy Remeikis and Ben Doherty, “Nearly 20,000 Refugees to Get Same Rights as Other Permanent Residents after Being Kept ‘in Limbo,’” The Guardian, February 12, 2023, sec. Australia news, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/ feb/13/nearly-20000-refugees-to-get-same-rights-as-other-permanent-residents-after-being-kept-in-limbo. “Citizenship,” text, Australian Passport Office (Australian Passport Office, March 5, 2018), https://www.passports.gov.au/ getting-passport-how-it-works/documents-you-need/citizenship. “Data Warehouse,” UNICEF DATA, accessed November 7, 2023, https://data.unicef.org/resources/data_explorer/unicef_f/. “Births, Australia Methodology, 2022.” REPORT 2024 325