BMJ Global Health
Table 1 Continued
Sub-Saharan
Africa
% children under five
without birth registration
Country
World Bank income
group*
N
Years and data sources
First survey
Most recent
survey
Angola
Upper-middle income
2
2001 (MICS), 2015 (DHS)
70.8
75.0
Benin
Low income
2
2006 (DHS), 2011 (DHS)
46.9
19.8
Burkina Faso
Low income
2
2006 (MICS), 2010 (DHS)
36.3
23.1
Burundi
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2005 (MICS), 2010 (DHS) 25.1
24.8
CAR
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2006(MICS), 2010 (MICS) 27.5
39.0
Cameroon
Lower-middle income
4
2000 (MICS), 2006 (MICS), 2011
(DHS), 2014 (MICS)
66.1
33.9
Chad
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2010 (MICS), 2014 (DHS) 75.1
88.0
Comoros
Low income
2
2000 (MICS), 2012 (DHS)
16.6
12.7
Congo DR
Low income
4
2001 (MICS), 2007 (DHS), 2010
(MICS), 2013 (DHS)
65.8
75.4
Cote d’Ivoire
Lower-middle income
3
2000 (MICS), 2006 (MICS), 2011 (DHS) 28.2
35.0
Gambia
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2005 (MICS), 2013 (DHS) 67.8
28.0
Ghana
Lower-middle income
3
2006 (MICS), 2011 (MICS), 2014 (DHS) 48.6
29.3
Guinea Bissau Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2006 (MICS), 2014
(MICS)
57.9
76.3
Kenya
Lower-middle income
2
2008 (DHS), 2014 (DHS)
40.0
33.1
Lesotho
Lower-middle income
2
2009 (DHS), 2014 (DHS)
54.9
56.7
Liberia
Low income
2
2007 (DHS), 2013 (DHS)
96.4
75.4
Mali
Low income
2
2006 (DHS), 2012 (DHS)
46.7
15.7
Mauritania
Low income
2
2007 (MICS), 2011 (MICS)
44.2
41.2
Mozambique
Low income
2
2008 (MICS), 2011 (DHS)
69.2
52.1
Namibia
Upper-middle income
2
2006 (DHS), 2013 (DHS)
32.9
12.9
Niger
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2006 (DHS), 2012 (DHS)
54.5
36.1
Nigeria
Lower-middle income
3
2007 (MICS), 2011 (MICS), 2013 (DHS) 76.7
70.2
Rwanda
Low income
3
2005 (DHS), 2010 (DHS), 2014 (DHS)
17.6
44.0
S Tome &
Principe
Lower-middle income
3
2000 (MICS), 2008 (DHS), 2014 (MICS) 30.1
4.8
Senegal
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2010 (DHS), 2015 (DHS)
34.0
31.7
Sierra Leone
Low income
4
2000 (MICS), 2008 (DHS), 2010
(MICS), 2013 (DHS)
53.6
23.3
Swaziland
Lower-middle income
4
2000 (MICS), 2006 (DHS), 2010
(MICS), 2014 (MICS)
47.1
46.5
Tanzania
Low income
2
2010 (DHS), 2015 (DHS)
83.7
73.6
Togo
Low income
3
2000 (MICS), 2006 (MICS), 2010
(MICS)
17.9
22.1
Uganda
Low income
2
2006 (DHS), 2011 (DHS)
79.0
70.1
Zambia
Lower-middle income
3
1999 (MICS), 2007 (DHS), 2013 (DHS)
90.4
88.7
Zimbabwe
Low income
3
2005 (DHS), 2010 (DHS), 2015 (DHS)
26.1
56.5
Table shows the distribution of countries and surveys included, and the percentage of children under five without birth registration for both the first
and most recent survey. Birth registration information was first collected between 1999 and 2010 in each country. In 54 out of 67 countries (80%),
the first survey was conducted either in the year 2000 or in 2005–2006. The most recent surveys with birth registration were conducted between
2006 and 2016 and in 47 countries (70%) these were conducted between 2011 and 2014.
*World Bank income group indicates income group at the most recent survey.
DHS, Demographic Health Surveys; MICS, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
Online supplementary table S2 shows the magnitude
and direction of total change in non-registration, annual
change and changes between survey wave in all 67
countries.
6
The flowcharts in figure 3 group countries according to
whether reductions in both non-registration and inequalities were achieved or not and summarises concurrent
changes in wealth (figure 3A) and urban/rural inequalities
Bhatia A, et al. BMJ Global Health 2019;4:e001926. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001926
BMJ Global Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001926 on 16 December 2019. Downloaded from https://gh.bmj.com on 21 July 2025 by guest.
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Region
Surveys included