CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS  II. THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS FOR BIRTH REGISTRATION AND PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD STATELESSNESS  UN treaty body decisions on children’s right to a nationality  1 9 13 International legal framework for birth registration  14 Estimates of stateless populations in the OSCE region  20 III. OVERVIEW OF CHILDHOOD STATELESSNESS IN THE OSCE REGION  18 Causes of statelessness  IV. CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDHOOD STATELESSNESS  V. GOOD PRACTICES IN NATIONALITY LAWS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD STATELESSNESS  Safeguards against childhood statelessness  Good practice indicators for preventing childhood statelessness  20 24 26 26 28 Good practices in OSCE participating States  32 Kyrgyzstan  34 Montenegro  38 Spain  43 Albania  Lithuania  Norway  VI. GOOD PRACTICES IN ACCESS TO UNIVERSAL BIRTH REGISTRATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD STATELESSNESS  Good practices in birth registration in OSCE participating States  Canada  32 37 41 47 51 51