A/HRC/36/30 Goals Targets Impact of discrimination against women in nationality rights access for all women and men education over girls. to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university 5. Achieve gender equality 5.1 End all forms of and empower all women discrimination against all and girls women and girls everywhere 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation 5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life Not recognizing equal rights of women in nationality laws per se is a form of discrimination against women and girls. Discrimination against women in nationality rights implicitly endorses an understanding of women’s status as inferior to men and women’s legal identity as derivative, based on the nationality of her father or spouse, rather than an expression of her independent identity as a citizen. The inability of women to confer citizenship on spouses on an equal basis to men limits their ability to choose a spouse freely. 5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as The inability of women to access to ownership and confer nationality on children control over land and other on an equal basis to men forms of property, financial prevents mothers from services, inheritance and exerting their rights and natural resources, in responsibilities equally as accordance with national laws parents and guardians, while implicitly endorsing the 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable notion of the father as the head of the household. legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the Many women affected by empowerment of all women discrimination against and girls at all levels women in nationality rights are prevented from participating fully in economic, social, and political life. Women and their families who are or at risk of being stateless owing to gender discrimination in nationality laws face higher risks of becoming victims of human trafficking, child marriage or domestic violence. Discrimination against women in nationality rights can limit affected women’s ability to inherit family property, including lands, and to give their children an 14