T H E G L O B A L S TAT E O F C I T I Z E N S H I P zenship test in only around 30 countries (or 15% of all countries). This shortlist includes the largest, established destination countries—home to half of the world’s foreign-born, such as Australia, Canada, the United States, and half of all European countries. Moreover, the content of integration requirements or civic knowledge tests can be vague and subjective, as demonstrated by the range of requirements presented below: Most integration requirements go far beyond a simple oath or declaration of loyalty to their new country of citizenship. Usually, immigrants are expected to prove specific knowledge, which is just as often cultural (i.e. the country’s customs, geography, history) as civic (i.e. citizenship rights and responsibilities, constitution, laws). Moreover, across all world regions, most language and integration requirements are highly discretionary. According to data from Europe, language and integration assessments are often the most dis- D I D YO U K N OW ? Range of integration requirements for ordinary naturalisation Austria Person has knowledge of the democratic order and history of the country and of the federal province responsible for the administration of naturalisation. Person must take a citizenship oath. Belgium Person provides evidence of adequate social integration and work participation, unless person demonstrates that he/she cannot work due to a handicap or invalidity or is retired. Canada Knowledge of Canada and the responsibilities and privileges of citizenship required. Person must attend a citizenship ceremony and take a citizenship oath. Colombia Knowledge of basic principles of the Constitution, history and geography of Colombia (except for those who are from an indigenous community sharing border territory with Colombia, had secondary or university education in Colombia, or older than 60 years). Greece Sufficiently familiar with Greek history and geography and smoothly integrated into the economic and social life of the Country. Latvia Knowledge of basic principles of the Constitution, national anthem and history of the country, and pledge of loyalty to Latvia required. Luxembourg Person must attend ‘Living together’ course or pass the test of this course. Nigeria Person is assimilated into the way of life of people in that part of the Federation where she is naturalised. Timor-Leste Moral and civic guarantees of integration into Timorese society required, as well as knowledge of the history and culture of Timor-Leste. 21