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The Global State of Citizenship 2025

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Description: This report, released alongside the third version of the GLOBALCIT Citizenship Law Dataset, maps how 191 countries regulate citizenship between 2020 and 2024, with additional data on dual citizenship trends since 1960. It highlights three key themes: gender equality, immigrant inclusion, and security of status. Despite progress, 50 countries still maintain discriminatory laws, particularly affecting women and same sex families. Naturalisation requirements vary widely, often involving long residence periods, income thresholds, and language tests. While dual citizenship is accepted in 51 percent of countries, naturalisation remains largely discretionary. Citizenship stripping is on the rise, often on vague security grounds without safeguards against statelessness. The report calls for more inclusive and legally secure citizenship pathways aligned with human rights standards.

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