PROOF OF Legal identity documentation that is recognized by a government as constituting proof LEGAL IDENTITY of legal identity in accordance with national law. Proof of legal identity is fundamental for ensuring that all people are able to access their rights, including the right to acquire nationality, essential services, and other identity documents. REFOULEMENT Returning people forcibly, involuntarily, or coercively to a country of origin, where they may face risks to their life or freedom. Refoulement violates refugee law if it involves returning a refugee or asylum seeker to territories where such threats relate to their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Regional refugee law frameworks in Africa and the Americas offer broader protection against refoulement. RESULTS-BASED Management of a program, project, or activity that allows for continuous feedback MANAGEMENT and improvements through monitoring and evaluating progress towards stated objectives. “SMART” Objectives (aims or goals) which are specific, measurable, achievable (realistic), OBJECTIVES relevant, and time-bound. Adopting such objectives is considered a best practice in organizational and project planning. STATELESS, A stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by any state under STATELESSNESS the operation of its law. Statelessness can refer to the condition of being a stateless person and the existence of stateless persons in general. STATELESS MIGRANT A person without any nationality who is outside his or her country of origin or habitual residence and is not a stateless refugee. SUSTAINABLE The United Nations General Assembly adopted 17 SDGs in September 2015 as part DEVELOPMENT of its effort to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. They GOALS (SDGs) outline specific targets to be achieved by 2030. Unlike the last set of global development goals—the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)—the SDGs draw upon human rights and apply globally. Goal 16 covers access to justice for all, as well as effective, accountable institutions, and 16.9 calls on states to ensure that all individuals enjoy legal identity. For more information, see: http://www.un.org/ sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/. UNDETERMINED Typically, a person of undetermined nationality lacks proof of possession of any NATIONALITY nationality and either has links to more than one state (on the basis of birth, descent, marriage, or habitual residence) or is perceived and treated by authorities in the state of residence as possessing such links to other states. Situations of undetermined nationality should be of short duration, as they often result in denial of human rights. UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, whose mandate includes identifying, preventing, and reducing statelessness as well as protecting stateless persons. UNICEF The United Nations Children’s Fund. As the UN agency mandated to protect and uphold children’s rights globally, UNICEF is centrally involved in statelessness, legal identity, and nationality-related issues, such as birth registration, civil registration and documentation reform, and ensuring every child’s right to a nationality. A C O M M U N I T Y- B A S E D P R A C T I T I O N E R ’ S G U I D E : D O C U M E N T I N G C I T I Z E N S H I P A N D OT H E R F O R M S O F L E G A L I D E N T I T Y | 7