Basin. The deteriorating security situation in the border areas of the Lake Chad region from late July onward affected humanitarian access and the protection of vulnerable populations. Internally displaced people in the Lake Chad Basin lived in dire conditions with extremely limited access to water and sanitation, especially in the Baga-Sola sites of Bol, Liwa and Ngouboua. RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING, EDUCATION AND JUSTICE People continued to flee the escalating violence in the Lake Chad area, disrupting agriculture, trade and fishing with dire economic and social consequences. The volatile security situation exacerbated food insecurity. In September, the UN estimated that 3.8 million people were food insecure, including 1 million people at crisis or emergency level. Delays in salary payments led to regular public sector strikes, restricting access to education and justice. In August, the government adopted 16 emergency reform measures to tackle the economic crisis linked to the drop in the price of oil, including cancelling scholarships for university students in the countryside. In response, students organized both peaceful and violent demonstrations in the main cities, including N’Djamena, Sarh, Pala and Bongor. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS Despite national law providing for the right of couples and individuals to decide freely the number, spacing and timing of their children, to manage their reproductive health, and to have access to the information and means to do so, many people had no access to reproductive information or care, particularly in rural areas. The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) estimated that only 3% of women used any form of contraception. According to 2014 figures from the National Institute of Statistics, only 5% of married women used modern contraceptive methods. In December the National Assembly adopted a reform of the penal code raising 116 the legal age of marriage for girls from 16 to 18 years. INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE On 30 May, former President Habré was sentenced to life imprisonment by the EAC in Senegal, a court established under an agreement between the African Union and Senegal. He was found guilty of crimes against humanity, war crimes and torture committed in Chad between 1982 and 1990. His lawyers lodged an appeal. On 29 July, the EAC awarded the victims of rape and sexual violence in the case 20 million CFA (US$33,880) each; the victims of arbitrary detention and torture, as well as prisoners of war and survivors, 15 million CFA (US$25,410) each; and the indirect victims, 10 million CFA (US$16,935) each. CHILE Republic of Chile Head of state and government: Michelle Bachelet Jeria Impunity for past and continuing human rights violations remained a concern. Legal proceedings relating to allegations of past crimes under international law and other human rights violations continued; in a few cases, those involved were imprisoned. For much of the year, cases of unnecessary and excessive use of force by the police continued to be dealt with by the military courts. However, a law passed in November excludes civilians from military jurisdiction. Abortion remained criminalized in all circumstances, although some steps were taken to decriminalize it in limited circumstances. BACKGROUND Between April and August, the government carried out a consultation process open to all citizens as the first step towards the adoption of a new Constitution. The current Constitution, adopted during the military government under General Pinochet, Amnesty International Report 2016/17