CITIZENSHIP LAW IN AFRICA Gender discrimination 63 Nationality of children 63 Nationality based on marriage 65 Partial reforms on gender equality in North Africa 70 Dual nationality 73 Naturalisation 80 Nationality requirements for public office 97 Dual nationality 97 Naturalised persons 98 Rights for the African diaspora 101 Ethiopia 101 Ghana 101 Loss and deprivation of nationality 103 Renunciation and reacquisition 112 Evidence and documentation 116 Birth registration and evidence of entitlement to nationality 116 Proof of nationality 118 The right to a passport 121 State successions since independence 125 Separation of part of a territory 125 Transfers of territory 126 Naturalisation as a “durable solution” for refugees 128 Appendix: Legal sources 134 List of tables Table 1: Right to nationality based on birth in the territory 50 Table 2: Right to nationality based on descent 54 Table 3: Right to nationality for adopted children 58 Table 4: Right to transmit nationality to a spouse 66 Table 5: Countries permitting and prohibiting dual nationality for adults 77 Table 6: Right to acquire nationality by naturalisation 86 Table 7: Criteria for loss of nationality 109 Table 8: Renunciation and reacquisition 113 iv