32 European Network of Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC) and European Network of National Human Rights Institutions (ENNHRI) 3.9 Adopt a strong collective stance to eliminate childhood statelessness in Europe, and engage in regional-level advocacy for the strengthening of measures to protect children’s right to a nationality, including by raising awareness within European institutions. 3.10 Monitor the implementation in national law and practice of international and regional standards relating to children’s right to acquire a nationality, and address challenges through national-level awareness raising and advocacy, as well as through reporting to UN human rights mechanisms such as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and the Committee on the Rights of the Child. 4. RECOMMENDATIONS TO UN HUMAN RIGHTS BODIES 4.1 Strengthen the use of the UPR process and state party reporting to the UN Treaty Bodies (including but not limited to the Committee on the Rights of the Child) to identify and raise issues relating to children’s right to acquire a nationality, including by issuing concrete, targeted recommendations for addressing gaps in law or practice. 4.2 Require governments to provide information, as part of their regular human rights reporting to UN bodies, on the implementation of measures to reduce childhood statelessness in their territory and among children of their citizens, including by sharing relevant quantitative and qualitative data. 4.3 Identify areas where the realisation of children’s right to acquire a nationality would benefit from additional standardsetting or doctrinal guidance and take steps to develop this, as appropriate, through Resolutions, Recommendations, General Days of Discussion and/or General Comments. 5. RECOMMENDATIONS TO UN AGENCIES UNHCR 5.1 Encourage European states to prioritise measures to prevent and resolve cases of childhood statelessness in the development and implementation of National Action Plans in respect of the #ibelong campaign. 5.2 Identify situations or contexts in which children born in Europe to refugee parents and children born to migrants or refugees en route to Europe face difficulties in accessing a nationality, with a view to developing further doctrinal guidance and the sharing of good practices. 5.3 Explore, in collaboration with UNICEF and other relevant stakeholders, the relationship between Actions 2 (Ensure that no child is born stateless) and 7 (Ensure birth registration for the prevention of statelessness) of the #ibelong campaign, so as to provide effective policy, programming and good practice recommendations that address this. 5.4 Engage and provide technical support to administrative bodies, particularly (decentralised) authorities responsible for birth registration, population registration and nationality procedures. 5.5 Continue to promote universal accession in Europe to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (and the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons), as part of Action 9 of the #ibelong campaign. 5.6 Ensure that the voices of stateless youth in Europe are heard during the Global Refugee Youth Consultations and other youth engagement processes. UNICEF 5.7 Build on existing expertise and engagement on the promotion of Universal Birth Registration to identify and address barriers to registration and the recognition of citizenship for children of vulnerable groups in Europe, including by conducting further research on the nexus between discrimination, birth registration and statelessness. 5.8 Incorporate awareness raising on statelessness and the right to a nationality in capacity building for UNICEF staff as well as in Child Rights Education work in schools and with state authorities. All relevant UN agencies (including UNHCR, UNICEF, UNDP, UNSD and UNFPA) 5.9 Collaborate, as appropriate to respective roles and mandates, to identify opportunities for increased engagement in delivering on the goal of ending childhood statelessness in Europe – be it through strengthening data collection, institution-building, programming or other developments. 5.10 Utilise the global post-2015 development agenda, including relevant Sustainable Development Goals, for promoting children’s right to a nationality and strengthening the protection of stateless children in Europe. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS TO CIVIL SOCIETY, INCLUDING ACADEMIA 6.1 Utilise the findings in this report, and other ENS resources, to make targeted recommendations to end childhood statelessness at country level, and in support of ENS’s #StatelessKids campaign. 6.2 Expand the study, monitoring and sharing of information on state practice in relation to the avoidance of statelessness among children born in Europe or to European citizen parents, including through public awareness raising and involving (school) students in debating solutions. 6.3 Strengthen engagement with international human rights reporting mechanisms in advocating for full respect of children’s right to acquire a nationality, in particular by submitting stakeholder reports to the UPR process and alternative reports to UN Treaty Bodies. 6.4 Identify and pursue concrete opportunities for strategic litigation on childhood statelessness, in order to challenge domestic systems which provide partial, minimal or no safeguards – or the non-implementation of legislative safeguards – and to further progress the normative guidance emerging from regional jurisprudence on this issue. Build stronger engagement in individual casework on childhood statelessness through legal assistance and paralegal projects. 6.5 Encourage and contribute to the collection of improved quantitative and qualitative data on childhood statelessness, while emphasising and acting on the need to pursue solutions without delay where problems have been identified, even in the absence of comprehensive data. 6.6 Consolidate and strengthen partnerships with regional and international child rights organisations on work to address childhood statelessness, including under the auspices of ENS’s #StatelessKids campaign and related training, advocacy and awareness raising efforts.