73, 74, 75 , , 73 74 75 2009 Israeli Land Authority Law (Land Law Reform) It modified the ILC seats, but kept the JNF’s large representation with 6 of 13 members. Facilitates the transfer of land ownership between the ILA and the JNF. Once land is privatized and has been purchased by a bona fide buyer,75 it will be impossible for It also conferred 800,000 The Israeli government Palestinians to claim ownership rights of dunums of state land to agreed that those the lands, even under be privatized, enabling lands in the Naqab Absentee Property Law. private individuals to acquire and Galilee would ownership rights. be managed in Further land swaps accordance with the also gave greater ability A land swap agreement JNF’s principles, i.e. to the JNF to settle between the newly they would be managed only Jewish-Israelis established ILA and the JNF for the benefit of Jews in additional localities was mandated: the JNF would only. within Israel. cede control of developed land in the center of the country, and in exchange, the ILA would give the JNF ownership of lands in the Naqab73 and the Galilee.74 The 2009 Land Law Reform legislation sedimented a transitional process of stateowned to privately-owned land, ensuing the effect of preventing Palestinian refugees and IDPs from asserting any claims to land with the Israeli authorities or within the Israeli judicial system. First, the land was confiscated from Palestinians, then the land was administered for the purposes of Israeli state-building, and finally the land was and continues to be privately sold. Contextualization and application of these different Israeli laws, through the policies of denial of use and access and confiscation of Palestinian land and properties, are illustrated through two case studies, Jaffa and al-Araqib. 73 The area referred to as the Negev desert in Hebrew. 74 Adalah, “Adalah and ACRI call to cancel discriminatory land swap agreement between Israeli government and the JNF”, January 2016, available at: https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/8724 [accessed 19 September 2017]. 75 One of the main principles of private land ownership is that of “bona fide purchaser” or a purchase made in good faith. So long as a bona fide purchaser buys the property without notice of any other party’s claim against the property and properly records the transaction, the bona fide purchaser takes good title to the property despite competing adverse claims. 31